劉文勇GRE寫作百日題庫 Day 27

Day 27 In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions

In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

五問：

（1）哪些領(lǐng)域更注重積累？哪些領(lǐng)域更注重創(chuàng)新？哪些領(lǐng)域兩者兼?zhèn)?？你能分別羅列一些例子嗎？例如：文學(xué)創(chuàng)作領(lǐng)域可能更注重知識閱歷的積累，信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域可能更注重創(chuàng)新，而教育領(lǐng)域則需要兩者兼?zhèn)洹?/p>

（2）初學(xué)者有什么特點(diǎn)？請你想想看，為什么有人認(rèn)為初學(xué)者更容易有突破性的創(chuàng)新？例如：初學(xué)者對新事物有很強(qiáng)烈的新鮮感，更樂于探索和鉆研，相比一些專家更具有探索精神。

（3）領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的專家有什么特點(diǎn)？請想想看，為什么有人認(rèn)為專家更容易取得突破性的進(jìn)展？例如：與初學(xué)者相比，專家積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)比較豐富，專業(yè)技能更扎實(shí)，預(yù)估風(fēng)險、應(yīng)對突發(fā)情況的能力更強(qiáng)。

（4）社會的進(jìn)步，人類知識的積累，是否會對你判斷原命題產(chǎn)生影響？請具體羅列幾個方面。例如：社會日新月異，如果不能順應(yīng)潮流、高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，而是故步自封，創(chuàng)新也就無從談起。隨著人類的探索，已開拓的領(lǐng)域越來越多，未知領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)越來越少，對這些已開拓的領(lǐng)域能否再次進(jìn)行開拓呢？

（5）你認(rèn)為原命題采用什么樣的觀點(diǎn)才會放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)？是否應(yīng)該區(qū)分不同領(lǐng)域的情況？是否需要考慮不同的初學(xué)者和專家類型的差異？

翻譯練習(xí)：

比如，盡管他們在生物領(lǐng)域研究的時間不長， Watson和Crick發(fā)現(xiàn) DNA是一個雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)，這是很多其他資深研究人員都沒能發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個事實(shí)。

參考答案：

For example, despite their short time research in the biological field, Watson and Crick found DNA to be a double helix structure, a fact many other senior researchers failed to discover.

翻譯練習(xí)：

有些人宣稱，新手因?yàn)闆]有受到過去經(jīng)驗(yàn)的束縛，因此更有可能打破思維定式，比專家更有可能取得突破。雖然看似合理，這一說法并不是在每一個領(lǐng)域都站得住腳。比如，在法律領(lǐng)域，一個高級律師比一個初級律師更有可能贏得案子。

參考答案：

Some people claim that beginners, not constrained by past experience and hence more likely to break the mindset, are more likely to make breakthroughs than experts. Plausible as it is, this claim doesn't hold true in each and every field. In the legal area, for example, a senior lawyer is more likely to win the case than a junior associate.

翻譯練習(xí)：

在很多領(lǐng)域，常年積累下來的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)在引領(lǐng)一個人走向成功的過程中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。這就是為什么我們身邊很多有成就的人都是他們領(lǐng)域的資深專家而非新手：盡管后者有更多活力和更強(qiáng)烈的好奇心，他們通常在經(jīng)驗(yàn)等級中排名最低。

參考答案：

In many fields, rich experience accumulated through years plays an essential role in leading one to success. That is why many accomplished people around us are senior experts in their fields rather than new starters: although the latter boast more vitality and curiosity, they generally rank lowest on the scale of experience.