9.7 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)

1）與主語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)，
　Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
　Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。

典型例題
　　The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing　
　　答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2）先于主動(dòng)詞
　　While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。
　　分詞作時(shí)間狀語，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
　　Having finished his homework, he went out.
　 =As he had finished his homework, he went out.
　　 做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。

典型例題
　　___ a reply, he decided to write again.　
A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received　　
　 答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.