演講MP3+雙語文稿:為什么孩子需要了解性別和性取向

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聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:為什么孩子需要了解性別和性取向，希望你會(huì)喜歡！

【演講人及介紹】Lindsay Amer

數(shù)字創(chuàng)作者 Lindsay Amer為孩子和家庭創(chuàng)建LGBTQ +和社會(huì)正義媒體。

【演講主題】為什么孩子需要了解性別和性取向

【演講文稿-中英文】

翻譯 Lilian Chiu 校對(duì) Carol Wang

00:00

Alright, let's get this kicked off.

好，咱們開始吧。

00:03

(Music)

（音樂）

00:05

(Singing) It's OK to be gay. We aredifferent in many ways. Doesn't matter if you're a boy, girl or somewhere inbetween, we all are part of one big family. Gay means "happy." QueerKid Stuff. You are enough here at Queer Kid Stuff.

（唱歌）身為同性戀?zèng)]有關(guān)系，我們?cè)谠S多方面都有所不同。不論你是男孩、女孩，或兩者之間，都無所謂，我們都是大家庭的一份子。Gay（同性戀）也代表“快樂”?！犊醿汉⒆泳W(wǎng)絡(luò)劇》。在《酷兒孩子網(wǎng)絡(luò)劇》，你很夠格了。

00:34

(Applause)

（掌聲）

00:41

Opening a performance with lyrics like"It's OK to be gay" for a roomful of adults is one thing, but it'sentirely different for a roomful of kindergartners. What you've just heard isthe theme song for my web series "Queer Kid Stuff," where I makeLGBTQ+ and social justice videos for all ages. And when I say all ages, I meanliteral babies to your great-great-grandma.

在一間滿是成人的房間中表演，以“身為同性戀?zèng)]有關(guān)系”的歌詞開場(chǎng)是一回事；但在滿是幼兒園小朋友的房間中又完全是另一回事了。你們剛剛聽到的是我的《酷兒孩子網(wǎng)絡(luò)劇》的主題曲，這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)劇是我針對(duì)各年齡層制作的 LGBTQ+ 及社會(huì)正義影片。我說的各年齡層，真的是從嬰兒一直到曾曾祖母。

01:07

Now, I know what you're thinking:"Whoa, they're talking about gay stuff with kids." But talking tokids about gay stuff is actually crucial. The American Academy of Pediatricshas found that children have a solid understanding of their gender identity bythe age of four. This is when children are developing their sense of self.They're observing the world around them, absorbing that information andinternalizing it. Now, most parents want their children to become kind,empathetic, self-confident adults, and exposure to diversity is an importantpart of that social and emotional development. And -- gender nonconforming kidsand trans kids and kids with trans and nonbinary and queer parents areeverywhere.

我知道你們?cè)谙胧裁矗骸巴郏麄冊(cè)诟⒆诱勍詰俚念}材?！钡?，跟孩子談同性戀的題材其實(shí)很重要。美國(guó)兒科學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子在四歲時(shí)就會(huì)清楚了解自己的性別認(rèn)同。這個(gè)時(shí)期就是孩子發(fā)展出自我感的時(shí)期。他們會(huì)觀察周遭的世界，吸收那些信息，并將之內(nèi)化。大部分的父母都希望自己的孩子長(zhǎng)大成人后能變得仁慈、有同理心、自信，而接觸多樣性對(duì)其社會(huì)發(fā)展和情緒發(fā)展而言十分重要。而且非常規(guī)性別的孩子、變性的孩子，以及父母是變性、非二元、酷兒的孩子比比皆是。

02:00

In the series, my stuffed bear cohost and Italk about the LGBT community, activism, gender and pronouns, consent and bodypositivity. We tackle these topics through songs, not unlike the one you justheard, simple definitions and metaphors. We approach these ideas, to steal aphrase from an old professor of mine, from "under the doorknob" --getting down to toddler height and looking up at the great big world throughtheir tiny little eyes, taking these seemingly complex ideas and simplifyingthem -- not dumbing them down, but homing in on the core concept. Gender isabout how we feel and how we express ourselves. Sexuality is about love andgender and family, not about sex. And these are all ideas children can grasp.In one of my earliest episodes about gender, I used the idea of pronouns tounderscore the definition and introduce gender-neutral pronouns like"they" and "them." I encourage children to think about theirown pronouns and to ask others for theirs. In later episodes, I build on thisfoundation and introduce big fancy words like "nonbinary" and"transgender." I get emails from viewers in their 20s who use myvideos to explain nonbinary gender to their grandparents.

在劇中，我的玩具熊搭擋和我會(huì)談?wù)?LGBT 族群、 LGBT 行動(dòng)主義、性別以及代名詞、同意和身體自愛。我們透過歌曲來處理這些主題，就像你們剛才聽到的那首歌，有簡(jiǎn)單的定義和比喻。我們處理這些想法的方式，可借用我的一位老教授的說法，來自《門把之下》——降到學(xué)步兒童的身高，透過他們小小的眼睛，向上看向廣大的世界，簡(jiǎn)化這些看似復(fù)雜的想法——不是變通俗，而是瞄準(zhǔn)核心概念。性別的重點(diǎn)是我們對(duì)自己的感受和如何表現(xiàn)自己。性向的重點(diǎn)則是愛、性別和家庭，而不是性愛。這些都是孩子能夠理解的想法。在我最早期針對(duì)性別所制做的其中一集里，我用到了代名詞的想法，來強(qiáng)調(diào)定義，并介紹中性的代名詞，如“他們”（英文不分性別）。我鼓勵(lì)孩子們?nèi)ハ胂胨麄冏约旱拇~，并問問其他人的代名詞。后來的幾集就是繼續(xù)發(fā)展這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)，并介紹很炫的字詞，像是“非二元”及“變性”。有些二十多歲的觀眾寫信給我，他們用我的影片來向他們的祖父母解釋非二元性別。

03:20

But, I get one comment over and over again:"Let kids be kids."

但，我總是不斷得到這種意見：“讓孩子當(dāng)孩子吧?！?

03:30

Well, that's a nice sentiment and all, butonly if it actually includes all kids. Just a few weeks ago, a 15-year-old inHuntsville, Alabama died by suicide after being bullied for being gay. In 2018,it was a seven-year-old in Denver, Colorado. There have been and will be manymore. Lesbian, gay and bisexual teens are more than three times more likely toattempt suicide than their heterosexual peers, and transgender teens are almostsix times more likely. According to one study, roughly one third of homelessyouth identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or questioning, and about four percentof homeless youth identify as transgender, compared with one percent of thegeneral youth population surveyed. According to the Human Rights Campaign,there have been 128 killings of trans people in 87 cities across 32 statessince 2013. And those are the only the reported cases. And 80 percent of thosekillings were of trans women of color. The queer situation is bleak, to say theleast.

那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)很好，但前提是它指的是所有的孩子。就在幾個(gè)星期之前，阿拉巴馬州亨茨維爾的十五歲孩子因?yàn)樯頌橥詰俦话粤瓒p生自殺。2018 年，同樣的事發(fā)生在科羅拉多州丹佛的七歲孩子身上。有很多這樣的孩子，將來還會(huì)有更多。女、男同性戀及雙性戀的青少年自殺的機(jī)率比同儕的異性戀青少年要高三倍以上，而變性的青少年自殺率幾乎要高達(dá)六倍。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，無家可歸的青年當(dāng)中，大約有三分之一是女、男同性戀、雙性戀或性別存疑，大約 4% 是變性人，相較之下，被調(diào)查的對(duì)象中一般青年人口只占 1%。根據(jù)人權(quán)戰(zhàn)線（組織）的資料，2013 年起，在 32 州的87 個(gè)城市中，共有 128 名變性人遭殺害。那些還只是有被舉報(bào)的案例。那些殺人案中，有八成受害者是有色人種的變性女子?？醿旱那闆r很凄涼，甚至更糟。

05:00

The YouTube comments on my videos are notmuch better. I'm used to the harassment. I get messages daily telling me I'm apedophile and that I should kill myself in a number of increasingly creativeways. I once had to put the word "truck" on my block list becausesomeone wanted me to get run over by a truck. "Shower" and"oven" are in there, too, for the less creative and more disturbing Holocaustreference. When neo-Nazis marched in Charlottesville, I was unsurprised tolearn that the creator of a violent Reddit meme about one of my episodes was inthe tiki torch crowd. This barrage of negativity is what we're up against: thecrushing statistics, the violence, the mental health risks, the well-meaningbut flawed response my parents gave me when I came out, that they didn't wantme to have a harder life. That's what we're up against.

在 YouTube 上大家針對(duì)我的影片留言的意見也好不到哪里去。我很習(xí)慣被騷擾了。每天我都會(huì)收到罵我戀童癖的訊息，說我應(yīng)該自殺，還幫我想了很多有創(chuàng)意的死法。我還曾經(jīng)把“卡車”一詞放到我的阻擋清單中，因?yàn)橛腥讼Ｍ冶豢ㄜ囎菜馈！傲茉　焙汀翱鞠洹币捕忌狭嗣麊危诒容^沒創(chuàng)意、比較擾人的大屠殺訊息中會(huì)出現(xiàn)這些詞。當(dāng)新納粹主義者行經(jīng)夏律第鎮(zhèn)，我驚訝地得知從我的網(wǎng)絡(luò)劇而來的暴力Reddit（網(wǎng)站）表情包的創(chuàng)作者也在拿著火把的群眾里面。這種負(fù)面的猛烈攻擊，就是我們要對(duì)抗的：壓倒性的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字、暴力、心理健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、我出柜時(shí)我父母出于好意給我的不理想回應(yīng)，他們說，不希望我過比較辛苦的人生。那些就是我們?cè)趯?duì)抗的。

05:58

But in the face of all that, I choose joy.I choose rainbows and unicorns and glitter, and I sing that it's OK to be gaywith my childhood stuffed teddy bear. I make queer media for kids because Iwish I had this when I was their age. I make it so others don't have tostruggle through what I did, not understanding my identity because I didn'thave any exposure to who I could be. I teach and spread this message throughjoy and positivity instead of framing it around the hardships of queer life. Iwant kids to grow up and into themselves with pride for who they are and whothey can be, no matter who they love or what they wear or what pronouns theyuse. And I want them to love others for their differences, not in spite ofthem. I think fostering this pride and empathy will make the world a kinder andmore equal place and combat the bigotry and hate that festers in our world.

但，在面對(duì)這一切時(shí)，我選擇喜悅。我選擇彩虹、獨(dú)角獸、閃閃發(fā)光，我和兒時(shí)的泰迪熊一起唱出“身為同性戀?zèng)]有關(guān)系”。我為孩子做酷兒媒體，因?yàn)槲叶嘞Ｍ约涸谀莻€(gè)年紀(jì)時(shí)有這些東西。我制作這些，讓其他人不用再經(jīng)歷我所經(jīng)歷過的掙扎，我當(dāng)年不了解我的性別認(rèn)同，因?yàn)槲也恢牢夷軌虺蔀槭裁礃拥娜恕Ｎ疫x擇教導(dǎo)、散播這個(gè)訊息的方式，是透過喜悅和正面態(tài)度，而不是把話題一直繞著酷兒生活有多苦打轉(zhuǎn)。我希望孩子長(zhǎng)大后能做他們自己，對(duì)自己是什么人、能夠成為什么人感到驕傲。不論他們愛誰、穿什么或使用什么代名詞。我希望人們能因別人的差異而愛他們，而不是盡管有差異仍然愛他們。我認(rèn)為培養(yǎng)這種自尊心和同理心能夠讓世界變得更仁慈、更平等，并對(duì)抗那些讓世界惡化的盲從和仇恨。

07:08

So, talk to a kid about gender. Talk to akid about sexuality. Teach them about consent. Tell them it is OK for boys towear dresses and for girls to speak up. Let's spread radical queer joy.

所以，和孩子談?wù)勑詣e，和孩子談?wù)勑韵?，教?dǎo)他們同意。告訴他們，男孩穿洋裝、女孩大聲說話，都沒有關(guān)系。讓我們來散播基本的酷兒喜悅。

07:28

Thank you.

謝謝。

07:29

(Applause)

（掌聲）