演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:長(zhǎng)期休業(yè)后如何重返職業(yè)

聽(tīng)力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語(yǔ)文稿，供各位英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:長(zhǎng)期休業(yè)后如何重返職業(yè)，希望你會(huì)喜歡！

【演講者及介紹】Carol Fishman Cohen

卡羅爾·科恩，iRelaunch的首席執(zhí)行官和聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人?？_爾?菲什曼?科恩(Carol Fishman Cohen)記錄了職業(yè)中斷后，重返職場(chǎng)的成功轉(zhuǎn)型故事。

【演講主題】長(zhǎng)期休業(yè)后如何重返職業(yè)

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者Hancheng Li 校對(duì)者Susan Zhang

00:14

People returning to work after a career break: I call them relaunchers. These are people who have taken career breaks for elder care, for childcare reasons, pursuing a personal interest or a personal health issue. Closely related are career transitioners of all kinds: veterans, military spouses, retirees coming out of retirement or repatriating expats. Returning to work after a career break is hard because of a disconnect between the employers and the relaunchers. Employers can view hiring people with a gap on their resume as a high-risk proposition, and individuals on career break can have doubts about their abilities to relaunch their careers, especially if they've been out for a long time. This disconnect is a problem that I'm trying to help solve.

有些人經(jīng)過(guò)離職長(zhǎng)假之后 重新投入到工作中來(lái)， 我稱(chēng)他們?yōu)椤霸購(gòu)臉I(yè)者”。 這些人選擇休離職長(zhǎng)假， 有些是要照顧老人， 有些是要照顧孩子， 也有些是追求個(gè)人愛(ài)好， 或是健康因素。 各行各業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)的人 都與之緊密相關(guān)： 退伍軍人、軍嫂， 退休返聘的人， 或遣返回國(guó)者。 離職長(zhǎng)假后重返工作 是非常困難的， 因?yàn)楣椭骱驮購(gòu)臉I(yè)者之間 有了隔閡。 雇主們認(rèn)為，雇傭這些 簡(jiǎn)歷上工作時(shí)間不連貫的人 是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高的決策， 而正在離職長(zhǎng)假中的人 可能對(duì)自己再?gòu)臉I(yè)的能力產(chǎn)生疑慮， 特別是那些離職時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)者。 兩者間的缺乏聯(lián)系 是我在嘗試解決的問(wèn)題。

01:09

Now, successful relaunchers are everywhere and in every field. This is Sami Kafala. He's a nuclear physicist in the UK who took a five-year career break to be home with his five children. The Singapore press recently wrote about nurses returning to work after long career breaks. And speaking of long career breaks, this is Mimi Kahn. She's a social worker in Orange County, California, who returned to work in a social services organization after a 25-year career break. That's the longest career break that I'm aware of. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor took a five-year career break early in her career.

如今，我們?cè)诟餍懈鳂I(yè) 都能見(jiàn)到成功的再?gòu)臉I(yè)者。 這位是薩米·科法拉， 他是英國(guó)的一位核物理學(xué)家， 因?yàn)橐诩艺疹櫸鍌€(gè)孩子 而度過(guò)了五年的離職長(zhǎng)假。 新加坡的媒體最近發(fā)表了文章， 內(nèi)容是有關(guān)離職長(zhǎng)假后再?gòu)臉I(yè)的護(hù)士。 提到長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的離職假期， 這位是米米·卡恩, 她是加州奧蘭治縣的一位社工， 她在度過(guò)25年的離職長(zhǎng)假后 回到了一個(gè)社會(huì)服務(wù)組織工作。 這是據(jù)我所知最長(zhǎng)的離職假期。 最高法院法官桑德拉·戴·奧康納， 在其職業(yè)生涯早期 度過(guò)了五年離職長(zhǎng)假。

01:52

And this is Tracy Shapiro, who took a 13-year career break. Tracy answered a call for essays by the Today Show from people who were trying to return to work but having a difficult time of it. Tracy wrote in that she was a mom of five who loved her time at home, but she had gone through a divorce and needed to return to work, plus she really wanted to bring work back into her life because she loved working. Tracy was doing what so many of us do when we feel like we've put in a good day in the job search. She was looking for a finance or accounting role, and she had just spent the last nine months very diligently researching companies online and applying for jobs with no results.

這位是特蕾西·莎碧羅， 她度過(guò)了13年的離職長(zhǎng)假。 特蕾西答復(fù)了從“今日秀”節(jié)目觀眾中 征集到的問(wèn)題， 他們想要重返工作， 卻發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做到。 特蕾西寫(xiě)道：自己是五個(gè)孩子的母親， 也很享受居家的時(shí)間， 但是她歷經(jīng)了一次離婚， 并且急需回到工作狀態(tài)， 另外，她很想把工作 帶回她的生活中， 因?yàn)樗埠芟硎芄ぷ鳌?特蕾西也曾做過(guò) 我們很多人所做的事， 每天不停的搜尋合適的工作。 她找過(guò)財(cái)經(jīng)、會(huì)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的職位， 她在那之前花掉了九個(gè)月時(shí)間， 很努力地調(diào)查網(wǎng)上的公司， 然后投放簡(jiǎn)歷，卻一無(wú)所獲。

02:38

I met Tracy in June of 2011, when the Today Show asked me if I could work with her to see if I could help her turn things around. The first thing I told Tracy was she had to get out of the house. I told her she had to go public with her job search and tell everyone she knew about her interest in returning to work. I also told her, "You are going to have a lot of conversations that don't go anywhere. Expect that, and don't be discouraged by it. There will be a handful that ultimately lead to a job opportunity."

我在2011年六月見(jiàn)到了特蕾西， 那時(shí)“今日秀”節(jié)目 問(wèn)我可否與她合作， 看我能不能幫她走出困境。 我告訴特蕾西的第一件事， 就是她必須走出家門(mén)。 我告訴她，她必須 公開(kāi)自己求職的想法， 然后告訴她認(rèn)識(shí)的所有人， 自己再?gòu)臉I(yè)的強(qiáng)烈意愿。 我還告訴她， “有很多你參與的對(duì)話 是對(duì)你完全沒(méi)有幫助的。 你要做好心理準(zhǔn)備， 別因?yàn)槟切┒倚膯蕷狻?找到工作機(jī)會(huì)之前， 確實(shí)要經(jīng)歷很多瑣事?！?/p>

03:12

I'll tell you what happened with Tracy in a little bit, but I want to share with you a discovery that I made when I was returning to work after my own career break of 11 years out of the full-time workforce. And that is, that people's view of you is frozen in time. What I mean by this is, when you start to get in touch with people and you get back in touch with those people from the past, the people with whom you worked or went to school, they are going to remember you as you were before your career break. And that's even if your sense of self has diminished over time, as happens with so many of us the farther removed we are from our professional identities. So for example, you might think of yourself as someone who looks like this. This is me, crazy after a day of driving around in my minivan. Or here I am in the kitchen. But those people from the past, they don't know about any of this. They only remember you as you were, and it's a great confidence boost to be back in touch with these people and hear their enthusiasm about your interest in returning to work.

我稍后再告訴你們 特蕾西是如何處理的， 我想先跟大家分享 我的一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)， 那時(shí)我剛剛回到工作中， 結(jié)束了自己離開(kāi)全職工作大軍 11年的長(zhǎng)假。 這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)就是， 人們對(duì)你的印象凝固在過(guò)去。 我的意思是， 當(dāng)你再次開(kāi)始與人打交道， 與曾經(jīng)合作過(guò)的人重新接觸， 例如跟你一起上學(xué)、工作過(guò)的人， 他們對(duì)你的印象是 離職長(zhǎng)假之前的你。 我們的自我意識(shí) 隨著時(shí)間推移逐漸淡化， 我們很多人都會(huì)這樣， 我們距離我們的職業(yè)身份 也就越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)。 舉個(gè)例子， 你可能把你自己看成這樣。 這就是我，開(kāi)了一天小面包車(chē)， 整個(gè)人感覺(jué)很瘋狂。 這是我在廚房里的樣子。 但是從前的那些人， 他們對(duì)這些一無(wú)所知。 他們只記得你曾經(jīng)的樣子， 當(dāng)你重新與這些人溝通時(shí)， 真是大大的增強(qiáng)了自信心， 而且他們對(duì)你有再?gòu)臉I(yè)的興趣 感到非常的開(kāi)心。

04:21

There's one more thing I remember vividly from my own career break. And that was that I hardly kept up with the business news. My background is in finance, and I hardly kept up with any news when I was home caring for my four young children. So I was afraid I'd go into an interview and start talking about a company that didn't exist anymore. So I had to resubscribe to the Wall Street Journal and read it for a good six months cover to cover before I felt like I had a handle on what was going on in the business world again.

我還清晰地記得發(fā)生在 我離職長(zhǎng)假中的一件事。 那時(shí)我?guī)缀跬耆魂P(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞。 我曾是財(cái)經(jīng)行業(yè)出身， 然而我在家照顧四個(gè)孩子時(shí)， 我?guī)缀醪魂P(guān)注任何的新聞。 所以我很害怕， 自己去參加面試的時(shí)候， 會(huì)講到一個(gè)不復(fù)存在的公司。 所以我重新訂閱了華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)， 然后連續(xù)看了六個(gè)月， 之后我才覺(jué)得自己對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì) 又有了點(diǎn)解了。

04:55

I believe relaunchers are a gem of the workforce, and here's why. Think about our life stage: for those of us who took career breaks for childcare reasons, we have fewer or no maternity leaves. We did that already. We have fewer spousal or partner job relocations. We're in a more settled time of life. We have great work experience. We have a more mature perspective. We're not trying to find ourselves at an employer's expense. Plus we have an energy, an enthusiasm about returning to work precisely because we've been away from it for a while.

我相信再?gòu)臉I(yè)者是 勞動(dòng)大軍中的精英， 原因如下。 想想我們?nèi)松碾A段： 對(duì)于那些因?yàn)橐疹櫤⒆?而休離職假期的人， 大都沒(méi)有產(chǎn)假，或是產(chǎn)假很短。 我們?cè)缇妥鲞^(guò)這些了。 我們離婚率較低， 也很少因伴侶而調(diào)整工作。 我們的生活更穩(wěn)定。 我們有很棒的工作經(jīng)歷， 更成熟的眼光， 我們不會(huì)成為雇主的犧牲品。 此外，我們有一種能量 - 重返崗位的熱情， 正是因?yàn)槲覀冸x職一段時(shí)間了。 另外，我也跟雇主討論，

05:34

On the flip side, I speak with employers, and here are two concerns that employers have about hiring relaunchers.

以下是雇主們 關(guān)于雇傭再?gòu)臉I(yè)者的兩個(gè)擔(dān)憂。

05:38

The first one is, employers are worried that relaunchers are technologically obsolete. Now, I can tell you, having been technologically obsolete myself at one point, that it's a temporary condition. I had done my financial analysis so long ago that I used Lotus 1-2-3. I don't know if anyone can even remember back that far, but I had to relearn it on Excel. It actually wasn't that hard. A lot of the commands are the same. I found PowerPoint much more challenging, but now I use PowerPoint all the time. I tell relaunchers that employers expect them to come to the table with a working knowledge of basic office management software. And if they're not up to speed, then it's their responsibility to get there. And they do.

其一，雇主擔(dān)心這些再?gòu)臉I(yè)者 技術(shù)方面比較落后。 我可以告訴各位， 雖然有段時(shí)間我自己技術(shù)確實(shí)落后， 但那只是暫時(shí)的。 很早以前我用“蓮花123”軟件 來(lái)做財(cái)經(jīng)分析， 我不知道有沒(méi)有人還記得 那么早以前的事了， 這些技能我得在 Excel上重新拾起。 其實(shí)這并并非難事， 很多的操作指令是一樣的。 我發(fā)現(xiàn)PowerPoint更具挑戰(zhàn)性， 但現(xiàn)在我對(duì)PowerPoint駕輕就熟。 我告訴再?gòu)臉I(yè)者們， 雇主希望找工作的人 對(duì)基本的辦公管理軟件 有實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 如果他們操作速度不夠快， 那他們就必須變得更高效。 而他們確實(shí)做得到。

06:25

The second area of concern that employers have about relaunchers is they're worried that relaunchers don't know what they want to do. I tell relaunchers that they need to do the hard work to figure out whether their interests and skills have changed or have not changed while they have been on career break. That's not the employer's job. It's the relauncher's responsibility to demonstrate to the employer where they can add the most value.

雇主對(duì)再?gòu)臉I(yè)者的第二種憂慮， 就是他們擔(dān)心再?gòu)臉I(yè)者 不清楚他們想要做什么。 我告訴再?gòu)臉I(yè)者， 他們必須仔細(xì)研究， 了解自己的愛(ài)好或者技能 在離職長(zhǎng)假的過(guò)程中 是否發(fā)生了變化。 這不是雇主的職責(zé)。 這個(gè)是再?gòu)臉I(yè)者的責(zé)任， 把自己展現(xiàn)給雇主， 來(lái)充分展示自己可創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值。

06:54

Back in 2010 I started noticing something. I had been tracking return to work programs since 2008, and in 2010, I started noticing the use of a short-term paid work opportunity, whether it was called an internship or not, but an internship-like experience, as a way for professionals to return to work. I saw Goldman Sachs and Sara Lee start corporate reentry internship programs. I saw a returning engineer, a nontraditional reentry candidate, apply for an entry-level internship program in the military, and then get a permanent job afterward. I saw two universities integrate internships into mid-career executive education programs.

2010年，我開(kāi)始注意到一件事。 我從2008年開(kāi)始追蹤 人們重返崗位的情況， 然而在2010年，我開(kāi)始注意到， 一種短期、帶薪的工作機(jī)會(huì)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)， 不論它是不是名叫“實(shí)習(xí)”， 但總之是一個(gè)很像實(shí)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷， 這為重回崗位的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士 開(kāi)辟了一條道路。 我看到高盛和莎莉集團(tuán) 都開(kāi)始了此類(lèi) 二次從業(yè)的實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目。 我看到一個(gè)再?gòu)臉I(yè)的工程師， 算是不太傳統(tǒng)的再?gòu)臉I(yè)人士， 申請(qǐng)了一個(gè) 軍方的初級(jí)實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目， 后來(lái)他獲得了一個(gè)永久的工作。 我看到兩所大學(xué) 將實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目整合到 職業(yè)中期管理學(xué)教育項(xiàng)目中。

07:43

So I wrote a report about what I was seeing, and it became this article for Harvard Business Review called "The 40-Year-Old Intern." I have to thank the editors there for that title, and also for this artwork where you can see the 40-year-old intern in the midst of all the college interns. And then, courtesy of Fox Business News, they called the concept "The 50-Year-Old Intern."

于是，就我所觀察到的現(xiàn)象， 我寫(xiě)了一篇報(bào)告， 后來(lái)它發(fā)表在了 《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》中， 名字叫《40歲的實(shí)習(xí)生》。 我必須得感謝編者擬的標(biāo)題， 還有這個(gè)很棒的配圖， 你們可以看到那個(gè)40歲的實(shí)習(xí)生 出現(xiàn)在一群大學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生中。 后來(lái)，還得感謝?？怂股虡I(yè)新聞， 他們把這個(gè)概念稱(chēng)為 “50歲的實(shí)習(xí)生”。

08:05

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

08:09

So five of the biggest financial services companies have reentry internship programs for returning finance professionals. And at this point, hundreds of people have participated. These internships are paid, and the people who move on to permanent roles are commanding competitive salaries. And now, seven of the biggest engineering companies are piloting reentry internship programs for returning engineers as part of an initiative with the Society of Women Engineers. Now, why are companies embracing the reentry internship? Because the internship allows the employer to base their hiring decision on an actual work sample instead of a series of interviews, and the employer does not have to make that permanent hiring decision until the internship period is over. This testing out period removes the perceived risk that some managers attach to hiring relaunchers, and they are attracting excellent candidates who are turning into great hires.

五家最大的金融服務(wù)公司 都設(shè)立了再?gòu)臉I(yè)實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目， 專(zhuān)為重回崗位的金融精英。 截至目前，數(shù)百人參與了這些項(xiàng)目。 這些實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目是帶薪的， 而且那些晉升到永久崗位的人， 都有極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的薪資。 現(xiàn)在，七家最大的工程公司， 也在推行再?gòu)臉I(yè)實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目， 來(lái)幫助重返崗位的工程師， 這也是女性工程師協(xié)會(huì) 新方案的一部分。 那么，為什么這些企業(yè) 大力支持再?gòu)臉I(yè)實(shí)習(xí)呢？ 因?yàn)檫@種實(shí)習(xí)可以讓雇主 基于參與者實(shí)際工作成效 來(lái)做出雇傭決策， 而非一系列的面試， 而且雇主不必在實(shí)習(xí)結(jié)束之前 就做出永久雇傭的決定。 這段試驗(yàn)期消除了一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)， 這關(guān)乎某些經(jīng)理人 對(duì)雇傭再?gòu)臉I(yè)者的擔(dān)憂， 同時(shí)，這也吸引了大量再?gòu)臉I(yè)人士， 他們成為了出色的雇傭?qū)ο蟆?/p>

09:15

Think about how far we have come. Before this, most employers were not interested in engaging with relaunchers at all. But now, not only are programs being developed specifically with relaunchers in mind, but you can't even apply for these programs unless you have a gap on your résumé.

各位,想一想我們?nèi)〉玫倪M(jìn)步， 在此之前，大多數(shù)雇主 根本沒(méi)興趣與再?gòu)臉I(yè)者打交道。 然而現(xiàn)在，有許多項(xiàng)目在開(kāi)展實(shí)施， 特別是針對(duì)再?gòu)臉I(yè)者的項(xiàng)目， 如果簡(jiǎn)歷上沒(méi)有一段空檔期， 你根本不能申請(qǐng)這些項(xiàng)目。

09:34

This is the mark of real change, of true institutional shift, because if we can solve this problem for relaunchers, we can solve it for other career transitioners too. In fact, an employer just told me that their veterans return to work program is based on their reentry internship program. And there's no reason why there can't be a retiree internship program. Different pool, same concept.

這標(biāo)志著一種實(shí)質(zhì)變化， 一種真正的制度變革， 因?yàn)槿绻覀兛梢?為再?gòu)臉I(yè)者解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題， 我們亦可為其他的職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型者 解決同樣的問(wèn)題。 事實(shí)上，一位雇主剛剛告訴我， 他們的“退伍軍人再?gòu)臉I(yè)項(xiàng)目”， 就是基于他們的再?gòu)臉I(yè)實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目。 我們也沒(méi)有理由不去設(shè)立 一個(gè)“退休人士實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目”。 不同的對(duì)象，相同的概念。

10:02

So let me tell you what happened with Tracy Shapiro. Remember that she had to tell everyone she knew about her interest in returning to work. Well, one critical conversation with another parent in her community led to a job offer for Tracy, and it was an accounting job in a finance department. But it was a temp job. The company told her there was a possibility it could turn into something more, but no guarantees. This was in the fall of 2011. Tracy loved this company, and she loved the people and the office was less than 10 minutes from her house. So even though she had a second job offer at another company for a permanent full-time role, she decided to take her chances with this internship and hope for the best. Well, she ended up blowing away all of their expectations, and the company not only made her a permanent offer at the beginning of 2012, but they made it even more interesting and challenging, because they knew what Tracy could handle.

讓我告訴你們特蕾西·莎碧羅 最后發(fā)生了什么。 各位回想一下， 她必須告訴她認(rèn)識(shí)的每一個(gè)人， 自己對(duì)重返工作崗位很有興趣。 結(jié)果，她與自己社區(qū)里的長(zhǎng)輩 進(jìn)行了一次關(guān)鍵的談話， 這讓她找到了一份工作邀請(qǐng)。 那是一個(gè)金融部門(mén)的會(huì)計(jì)工作。 但那是臨時(shí)的。 公司告訴她， 有可能有崗位晉升的機(jī)會(huì)， 但是不能保證。 那是2011年的秋天。 特蕾西很愛(ài)那個(gè)公司， 而且她喜歡那里的員工， 從辦公室去她家只需10分鐘。 所以即使她后來(lái)得到了 第二份工作邀請(qǐng)， 來(lái)自另一家公司， 而且有永久、全職的保證， 她決定在這份實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目中冒冒險(xiǎn)， 盡人事，聽(tīng)天命。 最后，她的業(yè)績(jī) 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了所有人的期望值， 公司不但提供了她永久崗位， 那是在2012年初， 而且他們還讓她的工作 更加有趣、有挑戰(zhàn)性， 因?yàn)樗麄冎捞乩傥骺梢赞k得到。

11:00

Fast forward to 2015, Tracy's been promoted. They've paid for her to get her MBA at night. She's even hired another relauncher to work for her. Tracy's temp job was a tryout, just like an internship, and it ended up being a win for both Tracy and her employer.

時(shí)間快進(jìn)到2015年， 特蕾西獲得了晉升。 公司為她的夜校工商管理課程買(mǎi)單。 她甚至雇傭了 另一位再?gòu)臉I(yè)者為她工作。 特蕾西的臨時(shí)工作像是一個(gè)試驗(yàn)， 就像實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目， 而最終，特蕾西和她的雇主 達(dá)到了雙贏局面。

11:23

Now, my goal is to bring the reentry internship concept to more and more employers. But in the meantime, if you are returning to work after a career break, don't hesitate to suggest an internship or an internship-like arrangement to an employer that does not have a formal reentry internship program. Be their first success story, and you can be the example for more relaunchers to come.

我的目標(biāo)是將這種 再?gòu)臉I(yè)實(shí)習(xí)的概念 推薦給越來(lái)越多的雇主。 但是與此同時(shí)， 如果你在離職長(zhǎng)假后重返崗位， 別猶豫向雇主提議設(shè)立實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目， 或者類(lèi)似實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的想法， 特別是那些沒(méi)有 正式的再?gòu)臉I(yè)實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的公司。 爭(zhēng)當(dāng)他們的第一個(gè)成功故事， 而你們都可以成為 未來(lái)更多再?gòu)臉I(yè)者的楷模。

11:53

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

11:55

(Applause)

（掌聲）