演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:我的拖延癥終于洗白了！竟然可以激發(fā)創(chuàng)新

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聽(tīng)力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語(yǔ)文稿，供各位英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:我的拖延癥終于洗白了！竟然可以激發(fā)創(chuàng)新，希望你會(huì)喜歡！

【演講人】Adam Grant

【演講主題】我的拖延癥終于洗白了！竟然可以激發(fā)創(chuàng)新

【演講文稿-中英文】

翻譯者 Hancheng Li 校對(duì) Jiawei Ni

Seven years ago, a student came to me and asked me to invest in his company. He said, "I'm working with three friends, and we're going to try to disrupt an industry by selling stuff online." And I said, "OK, you guys spent the whole summer on this, right?" "No, we all took internships just in case it doesn't work out." "All right, but you're going to go in full time once you graduate." "Not exactly. We've all lined up backup jobs." Six months go by, it's the day before the company launches, and there is still not a functioning website. "You guys realize, the entire company is a website. That's literally all it is." So I obviously declined to invest.

七年前，一個(gè)學(xué)生找到我，請(qǐng)求我為他們的公司投資。他說(shuō)，“我和三位朋友合作，我們要在網(wǎng)上賣(mài)東西，然后顛覆整個(gè)行業(yè)?！比缓笪艺f(shuō)，“好吧，你們整個(gè)夏天都在做這個(gè)，對(duì)吧？” “沒(méi)有啊，我們都參加了實(shí)習(xí)，以防萬(wàn)一它沒(méi)有成功?！薄焙冒桑悄銈儺厴I(yè)之后要全職投入在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中啊。“”不完全對(duì)吧。我們都想好了備選的工作?！傲鶄€(gè)月過(guò)去了，他們的公司還有一天就開(kāi)張了，但是他們的網(wǎng)站還不能正常運(yùn)營(yíng)。“你們這些家伙要知道，整個(gè)公司就是一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，網(wǎng)站就是公司的全部?！彼燥@然我拒絕了給他們投資。

And they ended up naming the company Warby Parker.

最后他們把公司命名為“瓦比·帕克”。

(Laughter) They sell glasses online. They were recently recognized as the world's most innovative company and valued at over a billion dollars. And now? My wife handles our investments. Why was I so wrong?

（笑聲）他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上銷(xiāo)售眼鏡。他們最近被認(rèn)定為世界上最有創(chuàng)新力的企業(yè)，估值超過(guò)十億美金。結(jié)果現(xiàn)在呢？我的妻子接管了所有投資項(xiàng)目。為什么我犯了這么大的錯(cuò)誤？

To find out, I've been studying people that I come to call "originals." Originals are nonconformists, people who not only have new ideas but take action to champion them. They are people who stand out and speak up. Originals drive creativity and change in the world. They're the people you want to bet on. And they look nothing like I expected. I want to show you today three things I've learned about recognizing originals and becoming a little bit more like them.

為了弄明白這點(diǎn)，我開(kāi)始研究 一些我稱為“原創(chuàng)者”的人。原創(chuàng)者不墨守成規(guī)，他們不僅有嶄新的想法，也通過(guò)實(shí)踐去捍衛(wèi)它們。他們從人群中脫穎而出、暢所欲言。原創(chuàng)者驅(qū)動(dòng)著全世界的創(chuàng)造與變革。你敢于在他們身上下注。他們看起來(lái)與我的想象完全不同。我想與各位分享我對(duì)原創(chuàng)者所了解的三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，以及自己努力成為其中之一的經(jīng)歷。

So the first reason that I passed on Warby Parker was they were really slow getting off the ground. Now, you are all intimately familiar with the mind of a procrastinator. Well, I have a confession for you. I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator. Yes, that's an actual term. You know that panic you feel a few hours before a big deadline when you haven't done anything yet. I just feel that a few months ahead of time.

我拒絕瓦比·帕克的第一個(gè)原因就是，他們走出第一步的速度實(shí)在太慢了。我相信各位非常熟悉拖延癥患者的大腦里的情景。好吧，我得向大家承認(rèn)：我與之相反，是個(gè)“提早癥”患者。對(duì)，那個(gè)詞是存在的。你們都知道那種恐慌的感受： 最后期限還有幾個(gè)小時(shí)就到了，然而你還什么都沒(méi)做。我只是在幾個(gè)月之前就有這感覺(jué)了。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So this started early: when I was a kid, I took Nintendo games very seriously. I would wake up at 5am, start playing and not stop until I had mastered them. Eventually it got so out of hand that a local newspaper came and did a story on the dark side of Nintendo, starring me.

這很早就開(kāi)始了：我還小的時(shí)候，我很認(rèn)真地對(duì)待任天堂游戲。我會(huì)在早上5點(diǎn)醒來(lái)，開(kāi)始打游戲，在打通關(guān)之前絕不休息。 最后我徹底失去了控制， 以至于當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覉?bào)紙找到我，然后寫(xiě)了篇故事，講述任天堂的黑暗面，主角就是我。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

(Laughter) But this served me well in college, because I finished my senior thesis four months before the deadline. And I was proud of that, until a few years ago. I had a student named Jihae, who came to me and said, "I have my most creative ideas when I'm procrastinating." And I was like, "That's cute, where are the four papers you owe me?"

（笑聲）但是這在大學(xué)里反倒幫了我，因?yàn)槲以谧詈笃谙拗八膫€(gè)月就完成了我的畢業(yè)論文。我對(duì)此非常自豪，直到幾年之前。我有一個(gè)名叫吉哈的學(xué)生，她對(duì)我說(shuō)，“我在犯拖延癥的時(shí)候，想到了最有創(chuàng)造力的點(diǎn)子?！比缓笪业姆磻?yīng)就是，“很有意思，你欠我的四篇論文在哪里？”

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

No, she was one of our most creative students, and as an organizational psychologist, this is the kind of idea that I test. So I challenged her to get some data. She goes into a bunch of companies. She has people fill out surveys about how often they procrastinate. Then she gets their bosses to rate how creative and innovative they are. And sure enough, the precrastinators like me, who rush in and do everything early are rated as less creative than people who procrastinate moderately. So I want to know what happens to the chronic procrastinators. She was like, "I don't know. They didn't fill out my survey."

不，她是我最有創(chuàng)造力的學(xué)生之一，作為一位組織心理學(xué)家，這是我要測(cè)試的一些想法。我向她提出挑戰(zhàn)，讓她找些數(shù)據(jù)。她跑過(guò)了一大堆公司。她讓員工填了問(wèn)卷，了解他們多經(jīng)常犯拖延癥。之后她讓他們的老板評(píng)估每個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造力水平。不出所料，像我這樣的提早癥患者，他們急匆匆把所有事做完，他們的創(chuàng)造力不如一些中度的拖延癥患者。我很想知道，重度拖延癥患者是怎樣的。她回答我，“我不知道啊。他們沒(méi)填我的問(wèn)卷?！?/p>

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

No, here are our results. You actually do see that the people who wait until the last minute are so busy goofing off that they don't have any new ideas. And on the flip side, the people who race in are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they don't have original thoughts either. There's a sweet spot where originals seem to live. Why is this? Maybe original people just have bad work habits. Maybe procrastinating does not cause creativity.

開(kāi)個(gè)玩笑。這是我們的結(jié)論。你的確可以看到，不到最后一刻不做事的人大部分時(shí)間都是混過(guò)去的，他們根本沒(méi)法產(chǎn)生新想法。在另外一側(cè)，那些把事情匆忙做完的人一直處在狂暴的焦慮狀態(tài)，他們也沒(méi)法產(chǎn)生新想法。在中間似乎有一個(gè)恰好的點(diǎn)，這就是原創(chuàng)者聚集的地方。為什么會(huì)這樣呢？可能只是原創(chuàng)者工作習(xí)慣不好?？赡芡涎影Y并不直接引發(fā)創(chuàng)造力。

To find out, we designed some experiments. We asked people to generate new business ideas, and then we get independent readers to evaluate how creative and useful they are. And some of them are asked to do the task right away. Others we randomly assign to procrastinate by dangling Minesweeper in front of them for either five or 10 minutes. And sure enough, the moderate procrastinators are 16 percent more creative than the other two groups. Now, Minesweeper is awesome, but it's not the driver of the effect, because if you play the game first before you learn about the task, there's no creativity boost. It's only when you're told that you're going to be working on this problem, and then you start procrastinating, but the task is still active in the back of your mind, that you start to incubate. Procrastination gives you time to consider divergent ideas, to think in nonlinear ways, to make unexpected leaps.

為了研究這點(diǎn)，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了些實(shí)驗(yàn)。我們要求受試者想一些新的商業(yè)計(jì)劃，然后，我們讓獨(dú)立的第三方評(píng)估受試者的創(chuàng)造力和實(shí)踐力。有些人被要求立即著手做這個(gè)任務(wù)。另外一些人被隨機(jī)地要求拖延一陣子，在他們電腦上開(kāi)個(gè)掃雷游戲，讓他們玩5或10分鐘。不出所料，中度拖延者比另外兩組受試者創(chuàng)造力高出16%。掃雷是很棒的游戲，但不是導(dǎo)致這個(gè)效應(yīng)的真正原因，因?yàn)槿绻阍诹私馊蝿?wù)之前就去玩游戲，是沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造力加成的。只有在你被告知 你要完成某一項(xiàng)任務(wù)之后，然后你開(kāi)始拖延，任務(wù)的想法還活躍在你腦海里，這時(shí)才會(huì)產(chǎn)生新想法。拖延行為讓你有時(shí)間發(fā)散性思考，以非線性的模式思考，然后獲得意想不到的突破。

So just as we were finishing these experiments, I was starting to write a book about originals, and I thought, "This is the perfect time to teach myself to procrastinate, while writing a chapter on procrastination." So I metaprocrastinated, and like any self-respecting precrastinator, I woke up early the next morning and I made a to-do list with steps on how to procrastinate.

正當(dāng)我要完成這些實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，我開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一本有關(guān)原創(chuàng)者的書(shū)，我在想，“這是最佳時(shí)機(jī)了，現(xiàn)在我就在寫(xiě)有關(guān)拖延癥的章節(jié)，我要教教自己如何拖延?！苯Y(jié)果我拖延得很古怪，像任何一位自尊心很強(qiáng)的提早癥患者一樣，我第二天早早醒來(lái)，寫(xiě)了一份待辦清單，里面是拖延的詳細(xì)步驟。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And then I worked diligently toward my goal of not making progress toward my goal. I started writing the procrastination chapter, and one day -- I was halfway through -- I literally put it away in mid-sentence for months. It was agony. But when I came back to it, I had all sorts of new ideas. As Aaron Sorkin put it, "You call it procrastinating. I call it thinking." And along the way I discovered that a lot of great originals in history were procrastinators. Take Leonardo da Vinci. He toiled on and off for 16 years on the Mona Lisa. He felt like a failure. He wrote as much in his journal. But some of the diversions he took in optics transformed the way that he modeled light and made him into a much better painter. What about Martin Luther King, Jr.? The night before the biggest speech of his life, the March on Washington, he was up past 3am, rewriting it. He's sitting in the audience waiting for his turn to go onstage, and he is still scribbling notes and crossing out lines. When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in, he leaves his prepared remarks to utter four words that changed the course of history: "I have a dream." That was not in the script. By delaying the task of finalizing the speech until the very last minute, he left himself open to the widest range of possible ideas. And because the text wasn't set in stone, he had freedom to improvise.

然后我刻苦工作，努力達(dá)到我“不取得任何進(jìn)展”的目標(biāo)。我開(kāi)始寫(xiě)有關(guān)拖延癥的章節(jié)，然后有一天，我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完一半了，我在寫(xiě)了半句話之后就放下筆，持續(xù)了幾個(gè)月。這簡(jiǎn)直是煎熬。但當(dāng)我重新提起筆時(shí)，我滿腦子里都是新想法。正如阿蘭·索金所說(shuō)，“你把它叫做‘拖延’，我把它叫做‘思考’。”這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，歷史上很多偉大的原創(chuàng)者都是拖延癥患者。比如列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇。他斷斷續(xù)續(xù)工作了16年，畫(huà)了一幅《蒙娜麗莎》。他覺(jué)得很失敗。他在日志里傾訴了很多。但是他在其他時(shí)間里對(duì)光學(xué)的研究，大大改變了他塑造光效的方式，讓他成為了一個(gè)更出色的畫(huà)家。馬丁·路德·金又如何呢？他一生中最重要的演講之前的晚上，那是三月，在華盛頓州，他凌晨三點(diǎn)還醒著，完善他的講稿。輪到自己上臺(tái)前，他坐在觀眾席里，還在演講稿上奮筆疾書(shū)。當(dāng)他走上臺(tái)，過(guò)了11分鐘，他沒(méi)按照準(zhǔn)備的內(nèi)容來(lái)講，卻念出了改變歷史進(jìn)程的幾個(gè)字：“我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想?！边@不是寫(xiě)在稿子里的。通過(guò)盡可能推遲演講稿最終確定的那一刻，他可以隨時(shí)向其中添加任何的想法。而正因?yàn)橹v稿不是固定不變的，他就有了即興發(fā)揮的自由。

Procrastinating is a vice when it comes to productivity, but it can be a virtue for creativity. What you see with a lot of great originals is that they are quick to start but they're slow to finish. And this is what I missed with Warby Parker. When they were dragging their heels for six months, I looked at them and said, "You know, a lot of other companies are starting to sell glasses online." They missed the first-mover advantage. But what I didn't realize was they were spending all that time trying to figure out how to get people to be comfortable ordering glasses online. And it turns out the first-mover advantage is mostly a myth. Look at a classic study of over 50 product categories, comparing the first movers who created the market with the improvers who introduced something different and better. What you see is that the first movers had a failure rate of 47 percent, compared with only 8 percent for the improvers. Look at Facebook, waiting to build a social network until after Myspace and Friendster. Look at Google, waiting for years after Altavista and Yahoo. It's much easier to improve on somebody else's idea than it is to create something new from scratch. So the lesson I learned is that to be original you don't have to be first. You just have to be different and better.

拖延癥會(huì)導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力的下降， 但也可能會(huì)是新創(chuàng)造的搖籃。 各位在原創(chuàng)者身上看到的特質(zhì)， 就是他們開(kāi)頭做得很快，最終完成卻要很久。這就是我錯(cuò)過(guò)瓦比·帕克的一點(diǎn)原因。當(dāng)他們拖拖拉拉六個(gè)月之后，我對(duì)他們說(shuō)：“你們知道，很多其他公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在線銷(xiāo)售眼鏡了?！彼麄兪チ讼葎?dòng)者優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是我沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，他們?cè)谀且淮蠖螘r(shí)間里都在研究如何提高顧客在線購(gòu)買(mǎi)眼鏡的舒適度。后來(lái)我才發(fā)現(xiàn)，先動(dòng)者優(yōu)勢(shì)其實(shí)只是個(gè)流言。有一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的研究項(xiàng)目，調(diào)查了超過(guò)50個(gè)類(lèi)別的商品，將開(kāi)辟市場(chǎng)的先動(dòng)者，與改進(jìn)市場(chǎng)的改變者相比較。 你可以看到，先動(dòng)者的失敗率是47%，與之相比，改變者失敗率只有8%。 讓我們看看Facebook，它想在Myspace和Friendster之后打造一個(gè)新的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)。再看看谷歌，等待了很多年，才在AltaVista和雅虎之后面世。改進(jìn)其他人的想法比從零開(kāi)始創(chuàng)造想法要更簡(jiǎn)單。我從中學(xué)到的就是：想做原創(chuàng)者，你不必最先行動(dòng)。你只需要做得不同、做得更好。

But that wasn't the only reason I passed on Warby Parker. They were also full of doubts. They had backup plans lined up, and that made me doubt that they had the courage to be original.

但這不是我拒絕瓦比·帕克的唯一理由。他們自己充滿困惑。他們準(zhǔn)備了一系列后備方案， 這讓我十分懷疑他們是否具有原創(chuàng)的勇氣。

Now, on the surface, a lot of original people look confident, but behind the scenes, they feel the same fear and doubt that the rest of us do.

從表面上看，很多的原創(chuàng)者看上去很自信，但是在背后，他們也像所有人一樣，感受恐懼和疑慮。他們只是以不同方式來(lái)面對(duì)。

Now, in my research, I discovered there are two different kinds of doubt. There's self-doubt and idea doubt. Self-doubt is paralyzing. It leads you to freeze. But idea doubt is energizing. It motivates you to test, to experiment, to refine, just like MLK did. And so the key to being original is just a simple thing of avoiding the leap from step three to step four. Instead of saying, "I'm crap," you say, "The first few drafts are always crap, and I'm just not there yet." So how do you get there? Well, there's a clue, it turns out, in the Internet browser that you use. We can predict your job performance and your commitment just by knowing what web browser you use. Now, some of you are not going to like the results of this study --

在我的研究中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種不同的疑慮。自我疑慮，以及想法疑慮。自我疑慮會(huì)使人麻痹。 它讓你思維凍結(jié)。但是想法疑慮是激勵(lì)性的。它促使你去測(cè)試、實(shí)驗(yàn)、改進(jìn)，就像馬丁·路德·金一樣。所以說(shuō)做原創(chuàng)者的關(guān)鍵，其實(shí)非常簡(jiǎn)單，就是避免從第三步走到第四步。你不去說(shuō)“我超爛”，而是說(shuō)“最初的想法都是超爛的，我只是還沒(méi)做完而已?！彼阅阍鯓永^續(xù)做呢？其實(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)小事，有關(guān)你用的網(wǎng)頁(yè)瀏覽器。我們可以預(yù)測(cè)你的工作表現(xiàn)或是責(zé)任承擔(dān)情況，只需要了解你用哪款瀏覽器。你們中有些人肯定不會(huì)喜歡這個(gè)研究的結(jié)果——

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But there is good evidence that Firefox and Chrome users significantly outperform Internet Explorer and Safari users. Yes.

但是我們找到了確鑿證據(jù)，說(shuō)明火狐和谷歌Chrome用戶表現(xiàn)顯著好于IE瀏覽器和Safari用戶。好耶！

(Applause)

（掌聲）

They also stay in their jobs 15 percent longer, by the way. Why? It's not a technical advantage. The four browser groups on average have similar typing speed and they also have similar levels of computer knowledge. It's about how you got the browser. Because if you use Internet Explorer or Safari, those came preinstalled on your computer, and you accepted the default option that was handed to you. If you wanted Firefox or Chrome, you had to doubt the default and ask, is there a different option out there, and then be a little resourceful and download a new browser. So people hear about this study and they're like, "Great, if I want to get better at my job, I just need to upgrade my browser?"

順便提一句，他們的在職時(shí)間也要長(zhǎng)15%。為什么？這不是一個(gè)技術(shù)性的優(yōu)勢(shì)。用這四種瀏覽器的人平均打字速度差不多，而且他們都對(duì)電腦有相同程度的了解。這有關(guān)你如何獲取這些瀏覽器。因?yàn)槿绻阌肐E或者Safari，那些已經(jīng)預(yù)裝在電腦上了，你自然接受了廠商提供的默認(rèn)選擇。如果你想換火狐或Chrome，你得要質(zhì)疑默認(rèn)選擇，問(wèn)問(wèn)自己，是否有其他選擇，然后就稍稍隨機(jī)應(yīng)變一下，去下載個(gè)新的瀏覽器。所以聽(tīng)說(shuō)這個(gè)研究的人反應(yīng)就是，“棒極了，如果我想工作得更好，我只需要升級(jí)下瀏覽器就行了？”

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

No, it's about being the kind of person who takes the initiative to doubt the default and look for a better option. And if you do that well, you will open yourself up to the opposite of déjà vu. There's a name for it. It's called vuja de.

不對(duì)，這與你是什么樣的人有關(guān)，你是否主動(dòng)地去質(zhì)疑默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)，然后尋找一個(gè)更好的選擇。而且如果你找得不錯(cuò)，你就將自己置于“似曾相識(shí)”感的對(duì)立面。它其實(shí)有個(gè)名字，叫做“識(shí)相曾似”感。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Vuja de is when you look at something you've seen many times before and all of a sudden see it with fresh eyes. It's a screenwriter who looks at a movie script that can't get the green light for more than half a century. In every past version, the main character has been an evil queen. But Jennifer Lee starts to question whether that makes sense. She rewrites the first act, reinvents the villain as a tortured hero and Frozen becomes the most successful animated movie ever. So there's a simple message from this story. When you feel doubt, don't let it go.

“識(shí)相曾似”感的意思是，你再次面對(duì)一個(gè)無(wú)比熟悉的事物，但是突然用一種新的眼光去看待。有個(gè)電影劇本作家，她看著一份電影劇本，它超過(guò)半個(gè)世紀(jì)都沒(méi)被獲準(zhǔn)拍攝。在之前的每一個(gè)版本里，故事主角都是個(gè)邪惡的女王。但是這位詹妮弗·李開(kāi)始思考這個(gè)想法是否合理。她重寫(xiě)了第一幕，把那個(gè)惡棍重新塑造成一位受盡苦難的英雄，于是《冰雪奇緣》成為了歷史上最賣(mài)座的動(dòng)畫(huà)電影之一。這個(gè)故事傳遞了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的信息。當(dāng)你感到困惑，切勿“隨它去吧”。（"Let it go"是電影主題曲名）

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

What about fear? Originals feel fear, too. They're afraid of failing, but what sets them apart from the rest of us is that they're even more afraid of failing to try. They know you can fail by starting a business that goes bankrupt or by failing to start a business at all. They know that in the long run, our biggest regrets are not our actions but our inactions. The things we wish we could redo, if you look at the science, are the chances not taken.

恐懼又如何呢？原創(chuàng)者也會(huì)感到恐懼。他們害怕失敗，但是他們與我們其他人所不同的是， 他們更害怕不去嘗試。他們知道可以因創(chuàng)業(yè)公司倒閉而失敗，他們更知道可以因不嘗試創(chuàng)業(yè)而失敗。他們知道，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，我們最大的悔恨不是自己做了什么，而是自己沒(méi)做什么。 就科學(xué)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，有些事我們希望能重做一遍，就是把握溜走的機(jī)會(huì)。

Elon Musk told me recently, he didn't expect Tesla to succeed. He was sure the first few SpaceX launches would fail to make it to orbit, let alone get back, but it was too important not to try. And for so many of us, when we have an important idea, we don't bother to try. But I have some good news for you. You are not going to get judged on your bad ideas. A lot of people think they will. If you look across industries and ask people about their biggest idea, their most important suggestion, 85 percent of them stayed silent instead of speaking up. They were afraid of embarrassing themselves, of looking stupid. But guess what? Originals have lots and lots of bad ideas, tons of them, in fact.

埃隆·馬斯克最近告訴我，他并不指望特斯拉會(huì)成功。他非常確信，SpaceX公司的前幾次發(fā)射一定不會(huì)進(jìn)入預(yù)定軌道，更不會(huì)重新回收，但是不去嘗試才是最失敗的。對(duì)于我們中的大多數(shù)人，當(dāng)我們有一個(gè)重大的想法，我們往往懶得嘗試。但是我有些好消息。他人衡量你的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是你的壞主意。很多人都以為是這樣的。當(dāng)你走訪各大行業(yè)，然后問(wèn)問(wèn)其中的人，他們最重大的想法、建議是什么，85%的人保持沉默，不敢發(fā)聲。他們害怕自己難為情、看上去很蠢。但是你猜怎么著？原創(chuàng)者有很多的糟糕想法，事實(shí)上是一大堆。

If you look across fields, the greatest originals are the ones who fail the most, because they're the ones who try the most. Take classical composers, the best of the best. Why do some of them get more pages in encyclopedias than others and also have their compositions rerecorded more times? One of the best predictors is the sheer volume of compositions that they generate. The more output you churn out, the more variety you get and the better your chances of stumbling on something truly original. Even the three icons of classical music -- Bach, Beethoven, Mozart -- had to generate hundreds and hundreds of compositions to come up with a much smaller number of masterpieces. Now, you may be wondering, how did this guy become great without doing a whole lot? I don't know how Wagner pulled that off. But for most of us, if we want to be more original, we have to generate more ideas.

如果你研究各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，偉大的原創(chuàng)者是那些失敗最多的人，因?yàn)樗麄兪菄L試得最多的人。以一些最好的古典作曲家為例。為什么有些人在百科全書(shū)里內(nèi)容比其他人多，而且他們的作品被重新錄制更多遍？其中一個(gè)最好的預(yù)測(cè)，就是他們產(chǎn)出的作品的量有多大。你產(chǎn)生的輸出越大，你的作品種類(lèi)越多，你就越有可能做出一些真正原創(chuàng)的東西。即使是三位古典音樂(lè)偉人——巴赫、貝多芬、莫扎特，都必須寫(xiě)出數(shù)百份作品，才能獲得相當(dāng)少量的杰作。你們可能在想，這個(gè)家伙沒(méi)做多少事，又是怎么獲得成功的呢？我不知道瓦格納怎么做到的。但是對(duì)于大部分人，如果我們想要變得更有原創(chuàng)性，我們必須大開(kāi)腦洞。

The Warby Parker founders, when they were trying to name their company, they needed something sophisticated, unique, with no negative associations to build a retail brand, and they tested over 2,000 possibilities before they finally put together Warby and Parker. So if you put all this together, what you see is that originals are not that different from the rest of us. They feel fear and doubt. They procrastinate. They have bad ideas. And sometimes, it's not in spite of those qualities but because of them that they succeed.

瓦比·帕克的創(chuàng)始人，當(dāng)他們思考如何命名公司的時(shí)候，他們想要找相對(duì)復(fù)雜、特別的詞，而且沒(méi)有負(fù)面的歧義，以此打造一個(gè)零售品牌，他們嘗試了超過(guò)兩千種可能性，最后才找到兩個(gè)詞拼在一起：“瓦比”和“帕克”。如果你綜合來(lái)看，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原創(chuàng)者與我們其他人差別并不是那么大。他們也會(huì)害怕、疑慮。他們犯拖延癥。他們有糟糕的想法。有時(shí)，這些品質(zhì)并不妨礙他們，而是正因這些，他們才能成功。

So when you see those things, don't make the same mistake I did. Don't write them off. And when that's you, don't count yourself out either. Know that being quick to start but slow to finish can boost your creativity, that you can motivate yourself by doubting your ideas and embracing the fear of failing to try, and that you need a lot of bad ideas in order to get a few good ones.

所以當(dāng)你們看到這些時(shí)，千萬(wàn)別犯像我這樣的錯(cuò)誤。不要無(wú)視他們。如果這個(gè)人是你，你也別無(wú)視了自己。你要知道，快速地開(kāi)始、緩慢地結(jié)束可以提升你的創(chuàng)造力，你可以通過(guò)質(zhì)疑自己的想法來(lái)激勵(lì)自己，勇敢地面對(duì)放棄嘗試的恐懼感，并且知道自己想到很多壞主意后 才能獲得幾個(gè)好主意。

Look, being original is not easy, but I have no doubt about this: it's the best way to improve the world around us.

做原創(chuàng)者并不容易，但是我對(duì)此深信不疑：這是改變我們周?chē)澜绲淖詈梅绞健?/p>

Thank you.

謝謝各位。

(Applause)

（掌聲）