演講MP3+雙語文稿:婦女是如何變革盧旺達(dá)的？

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【演講者及介紹】Agnes Binagwaho

阿格尼斯·比納格瓦霍-全球衛(wèi)生戰(zhàn)士幫助重建了盧旺達(dá)醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)，并繼續(xù)為全球衛(wèi)生的積極變化而奮斗。

【演講主題】How women are revolutionizing Rwanda?

婦女是如何變革盧旺達(dá)的?

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者 Kiki Peng 校對(duì)者 Yolanda Zhang

00:12

I came back to my home of Rwanda two years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. The country was devastated. The children I was caring for in the hospitals were dying from treatable conditions, because we didn't have equipment or medicine to save them. I was tempted to pack my bag and run away. But I debated with myself. And because I'm really dedicated to social justice and equity, and there were only five pediatricians in total for millions of children in Rwanda, I decided to stay.

在 1994 年盧旺達(dá) 圖西族大屠殺事件發(fā)生兩年后， 我回到了我的故鄉(xiāng)，盧旺達(dá)。 整個(gè)國家山河破碎，一片狼藉。 我在醫(yī)院里負(fù)責(zé)看護(hù)的孩子們， 都死于可治愈的疾病， 因?yàn)槲覀儧]有儀器 及藥物去拯救他們的生命。 我曾想收拾行李，一走了之， 但我內(nèi)心始終是矛盾的。 因?yàn)槲液芟霝樯鐣?huì)的 公正平等出一份力， 并且盧旺達(dá)有成千上萬的孩子， 卻只有五位兒科醫(yī)生， 我決定留下來。

01:05

But among the people who have motivated my decision to stay, there were some fantastic women of Rwanda, some women who had faced the genocide and survived it. They had to overcome unbelievable pain and suffering. Some of them were raising children conceived through rape. Others were dying slowly with HIV and forgave the perpetrators, who voluntarily infected them using HIV and rape as a weapon. So, they inspired me. If they can do that, I can stay and try to do my best.

然而在激勵(lì)我下定決心 留下來的人中， 有許多了不起的盧旺達(dá)女性， 她們經(jīng)歷了大屠殺并活了下來。 她們?cè)庥隽穗y以想象的痛苦和煎熬。 其中一些人哺育著 被強(qiáng)奸后生下的孩子。 其他人正被艾滋病侵蝕生命， 卻原諒了那些 以艾滋病和強(qiáng)奸為兇器 讓她們感染疾病的作惡之人。 正是她們激勵(lì)了我。 既然她們都能做到， 那我也可以留下來， 盡一些綿薄之力。

02:00

Those ladies were really activists of peace and reconciliation. They show us a way to rebuild a country for our children and grandchildren to have, one day, a place they can call home, with pride.

這些女性是真正的 和平和睦的積極倡導(dǎo)者。 她們教會(huì)了我們?nèi)绾沃亟ㄒ粋€(gè)國家， 讓我們的子孫有朝一日 擁有一個(gè)他們能 自豪地稱之為家的地方。

02:19

And you can ask yourself where this shift of mindset has brought our country. Today in Rwanda, we have the highest percentage of women in parliament.

你可以問問自己， 這種思維方式的轉(zhuǎn)變 讓我們國家發(fā)展到了哪一步。 在今天的盧旺達(dá)， 我們擁有最高的女性議員占比。

02:39

(Applause)

（掌聲）

02:42

Wait till I tell you the percentage -- sixty-one percent.

別急，先讓我告訴你們 這個(gè)比例是多少—— 百分之六十一。

02:47

(Applause)

（掌聲）

02:50

Today, we have the best campaign for the vaccination of children with, among our success, 93 percent of our girls vaccinated against HPV --

今天，我們有最好的 兒童疫苗接種運(yùn)動(dòng)， 其中一項(xiàng)成就是， 高達(dá) 93% 的女孩接種了 HPV 疫苗——

03:02

(Applause)

（掌聲）

03:04

to protect them against cervical cancer. In this country, it's 54.

以保護(hù)她們免受宮頸癌的侵襲。 在這個(gè)國家（美國）， 這個(gè)數(shù)字是 54%。

03:11

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

03:13

We have reduced child mortality by 75 percent, maternal mortality by 80 percent. In early 2000s, there were nine women who were dying every day around delivery and pregnancy. Today, it's around two. It's an unfinished agenda. We still have a long way to go. Two is still too much.

我們將兒童死亡率降低了 75%， 產(chǎn)婦死亡率降低了 80%。 在本世紀(jì)初， 每天都有 9 個(gè)女性 死于分娩和懷孕。 今天，只有大約兩個(gè)。 這是一項(xiàng)尚未完成的計(jì)劃， 我們還任重道遠(yuǎn)。 兩個(gè)，還是太多了。

03:42

But, do I believe that those results are because we had a big number of women in power positions? I do.

但是，我是不是認(rèn)為這是 因?yàn)槲覀冇性S多掌權(quán)的女性 而帶來的結(jié)果呢？ 我確實(shí)那么認(rèn)為。

03:57

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

03:59

There is -- yes --

有一項(xiàng)——

04:00

(Applause)

（掌聲）

04:02

there is a study in the developing world that shows that if you improve the status of women, you improve the status of the community where they live. Up to 47 percent of decrease in child mortality. And even in this country where we are now, it's true. There is a study by a lady called Patricia Homan, who projected that if women and men were at parity in state legislatures, there would be a drop of 14.5 percent in child mortality -- in America!

有一項(xiàng)發(fā)展中國家的研究顯示， 如果你提高女性的地位， 就能提高她們所生活的社區(qū)的地位。 兒童死亡率會(huì)降低近 47%。 并且即使在我們現(xiàn)在 所在的這個(gè)國家， 這個(gè)結(jié)論也同樣適用。 一位名叫帕特里夏·霍曼的女士 做了一項(xiàng)研究， 她表示如果女性及男性 在國家立法上有同等地位的話， 兒童死亡率會(huì)下降 14.5%—— 就在美國！

04:46

So we know that women, when they use their skills in leadership positions, they enhance the entire population they are in charge of. And imagine what would happen if women were at parity with men all over the world. What a huge benefit we could expect. Hmm? Oh, yeah.

所以我們了解到， 當(dāng)女性在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者地位中發(fā)揮才干時(shí)， 她們會(huì)使所管理的 整個(gè)民族更加強(qiáng)大。 再試想一下， 如果女性和男性在全世界都擁有 同等的地位，會(huì)發(fā)生什么。 我們可以從中獲得多大的利益啊。 對(duì)吧？ 沒錯(cuò)。

05:14

(Applause)

（掌聲）

05:16

Because in general, we have a different style of leadership: more inclusive, more empathetic, more caring for little children. And this makes the difference.

因?yàn)榭傮w來說， 我們擁有不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格： 更包容， 更有同理心， 對(duì)孩童更加關(guān)愛。 這些差異能夠催生改變。

05:32

Unfortunately, this ideal doesn't exist in the world, and the difference between men and women in leadership positions is too big. Gender inequity is the norm in the majority of professions, even in global health.

不幸的是， 世界上不存在這樣的理想社會(huì)， 男女之間的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位差距 依然懸殊。 在多數(shù)職業(yè)中， 性別不平等已成為常態(tài)， 即使是在全球衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域中。

05:55

I have learned that if we focus on women's education, we improve their life positively as well as the well-being of their community. This is why now I dedicate my life to education. And this is totally aligned with my sense of equity and my pursuit of social justice, because if you want to increase access to health services, you need first to increase access to health education.

我認(rèn)識(shí)到， 如果我們注重女性的教育， 我們就能積極地改善她們的生活 和其所在社區(qū)的福利。 這就是為什么 我現(xiàn)在投身于教育事業(yè)。 這與我對(duì)平等的觀念， 及對(duì)社會(huì)公正的追求完美契合， 因?yàn)槿绻阆胱尭嗳?能享受健康服務(wù)， 你首先需要讓更多人 能接受健康教育。

06:34

So with friends and partners, we are building a beautiful university in the rural north of Rwanda. We educate our students to provide quality, equitable, holistic care to everyone, leaving no one out, focusing on the vulnerable, especially women and children, who are historically the last to be served. We transform them into leaders and give them managerial skills and advocacy skills for them to be smooth changemakers in the society where they will be, so that they can build health systems that allow them to care about the vulnerable where they are.

于是，我們和一眾朋友、合作伙伴 共同在盧旺達(dá)北部的農(nóng)村 建造了一所美麗的大學(xué)。 我們教育學(xué)生 要把高質(zhì)量，平等全面的醫(yī)療 給予每個(gè)個(gè)體，不放棄任何人， 重點(diǎn)關(guān)注弱勢(shì)者， 尤其是婦女和兒童， 這些群體歷來都是最后一個(gè)受益的。 我們將他們變成領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者， 并教授他們管理及號(hào)召的技巧， 幫助他們成為自己所處的社會(huì)中 游刃有余的改造者， 這樣他們就能建立起健康系統(tǒng)， 為當(dāng)?shù)氐娜鮿?shì)群體提供服務(wù)。

07:25

And it's really transformative. Because currently, medical education, for example, is given in institutions based in cities, focused on quality health services and skills, clinical skills, to be given in institutions. We also focus on quality clinical skills but with biosocial approach to the condition of patient, for care to be given in communities where the people live, with hospitalization only when necessary. And also, after four to seven years of clinical education in cities, young graduates don't want to go back to rural area. So this is why we have built the University of Global Health Equity, an initiative of Partners in Health, called UGHE, in the rural north of Rwanda.

這是改革性的。 因?yàn)槟壳埃?比如說，醫(yī)學(xué)教育， 都是在城市的學(xué)院里傳授的， 注重高質(zhì)量的 健康服務(wù)和臨床技巧， 這些課程都是在學(xué)院里開展的。 我們同樣注重高質(zhì)量臨床技能， 但以生物社會(huì)學(xué)的方式， 針對(duì)病人情況， 對(duì)人們所在社區(qū)給予關(guān)愛， 只在必要時(shí)支持住院治療。 并且， 在城市中經(jīng)過四至七年的 臨床學(xué)習(xí)之后， 年輕的畢業(yè)生并不想 回到農(nóng)村地區(qū)。 這就是為什么我們依照一項(xiàng) 名為 UGHE 的衛(wèi)生合伙人的計(jì)劃， 在盧旺達(dá)北部農(nóng)村 設(shè)立了全球衛(wèi)生平等大學(xué)。

08:37

(Applause)

（掌聲)

08:42

Our students are meant to go and change the world. They will come from all over -- it's a global university -- and will get the medical education for free at one condition: they have to serve the vulnerable across the world during six to nine years. They will keep the salary for themselves and their families but turn the education we give in quality clinical services, especially for the vulnerable. And doing so, they sign an agreement at the start that they will do that, a binding agreement. We don't want money. We have to go and mobilize the money. But they will turn this in quality service delivery for all.

我們的學(xué)生 旨在改變世界。 他們將會(huì)來自五湖四?！?這是一所國際性學(xué)院—— 并能免費(fèi)接受醫(yī)學(xué)教育， 只有一個(gè)條件： 他們要為世界上的弱勢(shì)群體服務(wù) 六至九年的時(shí)間。 他們的工資可以留給自己和家人， 但要將我們給予的教育 變成高質(zhì)量的臨床服務(wù)治療， 尤其針對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體。 具體來說， 他們?cè)谌雽W(xué)前會(huì)簽一張合同， 保證他們會(huì)如約履行任務(wù)， 這是一項(xiàng)約束協(xié)議。 我們不想要錢。 我們需要去動(dòng)用那些資金。 但它們會(huì)變?yōu)樗忻癖?都能享受的高質(zhì)量服務(wù)。

09:39

For this, of course, we need a strong gender equity agenda. And in all our classes, master's course, minimum of 50 percent of women.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)， 我們當(dāng)然還需要一個(gè) 強(qiáng)有力的性別平等議程。 在我們所有的 班級(jí)和碩士課程中， 需要有至少 50% 的女性。

09:52

(Applause)

（掌聲）

09:56

And I'm proud to say that for the medical school that started five months ago, we have enrolled 70 percent girls.

并且我很自豪地說， 在五個(gè)月前開始運(yùn)營的醫(yī)學(xué)院中， 我們已經(jīng)招募了 70% 的女孩。

10:06

(Applause)

（掌聲）

10:09

This is a statement against the current inequity for women to access medical education in our continent.

這是反對(duì)當(dāng)今的不平等現(xiàn)象， 對(duì)我們土地上的女性 無法接受平等醫(yī)學(xué)教育的宣戰(zhàn)。

10:20

I believe in women's education. This is why I applaud African ladies who go all over the world to increase their education, their skills and their knowledge. But I hope they will bring that back to Africa to build the continent and make the continent a strong continent, because I'm sure a stronger Africa will make the world stronger.

我相信女性教育。 因此我贊賞那些周游世界 提高自身教育水平， 增長技能和知識(shí)的非洲女性。 但我希望她們能把所學(xué)帶回非洲， 建設(shè)我們的土地， 讓這片陸地更加強(qiáng)大， 因?yàn)槲掖_信， 一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大的非洲會(huì)讓世界更強(qiáng)大。

10:50

(Applause)

（掌聲）

10:57

Twenty-three years ago, I went back to Rwanda, to a broken Rwanda, that now is still a poor country but shining with a bright future. And I am full of joy to have come back, even if some days were very difficult, and even if some days I was depressed, because I didn't find a solution and people were dying, or things were not moving enough. But I'm so proud to have contributed to improve my community. And this makes me full of joy.

23 年前， 我回到盧旺達(dá)， 那個(gè)支離破碎的盧旺達(dá)， 雖然它現(xiàn)在仍是一個(gè)貧窮的國家， 但卻擁有美好的未來。 我很高興能回去， 即使有過艱難的日子， 即使有時(shí)我十分抑郁， 因?yàn)槲覜]有找到解決問題的辦法， 人們?cè)谒廊ィ?或事情發(fā)展得不夠好。 但我對(duì)自己為社區(qū)進(jìn)步 做了貢獻(xiàn)感到驕傲。 這件事使我滿心歡喜。

11:34

So, African women from the diaspora, if you hear me, never forget your homeland. And when you are ready, come back home. I did so. It has fulfilled my life. So, come back home.

所以，身居他鄉(xiāng)的非洲女性們， 如果你聽到了我的話， 永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記你的故鄉(xiāng)。 當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備好時(shí)，就回家吧。 我這么做了， 我的人生變得更加充實(shí)。 所以，回家吧。

11:57

Thank you.

謝謝。

11:59

(Applause)

（掌聲）