小學(xué)30個(gè)語法點(diǎn) Unit 23　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

過去分詞的構(gòu)成

1．一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾＋ed

work–worked

look–looked

2．以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾＋d

close–closed

arrive–arrived

3．以“輔音字母＋y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y 為i ＋ed

carry–carried

hurry–hurried

4．以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫結(jié)尾字母＋ed

nod–nodded

stop–stopped

5．不規(guī)則變化隨時(shí)記

am/is/are–been

write–written

cut–cut

go–gone

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式：主語＋have/has＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

1．表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already，just，ever，never，yet等連用。

I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。

He has just had lunch. 他剛剛吃完午飯。

2．表示過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與since，for等連用。

We have lived here since two years ago. 我們兩年前就一直住在這里。

They have learned English for three years. 他們學(xué)英語三年了。

She has been in Hainan for seven days. 她在海南待了七天了。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)

1．表示動(dòng)作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在用for ＋時(shí)間段，since ＋點(diǎn)時(shí)間，這時(shí)句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。對(duì)for ，since 提問用how long ?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與when 引導(dǎo)的疑問句連用。

2．have been to 去過

I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京兩次。

have gone to 去了

He has gone to New York. 他去紐約了。

have been in 待在

I have been in Changchun for 10 years. 我在長春待了10年了。