虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn) 關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

考點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞主要有that, who, whom, whose, which, as等，其中who和whom只用于指人，which和as只用于指事物，whose和that既可用于指人也可用于指物，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

1. 關(guān)系代詞who/whom

關(guān)系代詞who/whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。

The man who lives in that house is my uncle.

住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。（who指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

The girl（whom）the teacher often praises is our monitor.

老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。

Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了，你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

注意

關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來(lái)代替。

The man（whom/who）you met just now is my old friend.

你剛才見(jiàn)到的那位男士是我的老朋友。

2. 關(guān)系代詞which

關(guān)系代詞which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

The book which cost me a lot of money is very interesting.

我花很多錢買來(lái)的那本書很有趣。

My sister likes the gift（which）I gave her yesterday. 妹妹喜歡我昨天送她的禮物。

European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it one of the most popular sports in the world. 有80個(gè)國(guó)家在踢歐式足球，這使它成為全世界最流行的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。

3. 關(guān)系代詞that

關(guān)系代詞that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

The bag that（=which）lies on the ground is hers. 地上的那個(gè)包是她的。

The old man that（=whom/who）I visited yesterday is my teacher.

我昨天拜訪的那位老人是我的老師。

4. 關(guān)系代詞whose

關(guān)系代詞whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.

我拜訪了一位全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.

我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。

注意

指人或物時(shí)，常用of whom/of which結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：

Do you know the doctor, whose son is a doctor too?

=Do you know the doctor,the son of whom/of whom the son is a doctor too?

你認(rèn)識(shí)那位醫(yī)生嗎？他的兒子也是一名醫(yī)生。

There is a church, whose door faces south.

=there is a church,the door of which/of which the door faces south.

有一座教堂，窗戶朝南。

5. as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

（1）as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它通常要與such, the same, as搭配，即構(gòu)成such... as..., the same... as..., as... as... 這樣的固定搭配，同時(shí)as在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去那樣愚蠢。

He rides as expensive a bike as he can afford. 他騎一輛他買得起的最貴的自行車。

I have bought the same watch as you have. 我買了一塊和你一樣的手表。

（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一塊，故由as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。）

This is the same watch that I lost. 這就是我丟的那塊手表。

（這塊手表和我丟的手表是同一塊，故由that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。）

（2）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，通常用于as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。

As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great writer.

美國(guó)人都知道，馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的作家。（as在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is absorbed in work, as he often was.

他正在全神貫注地工作，他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。（as在從句中作表語(yǔ)）

As we all know, the earth is round.

眾所周知，地球是圓的。（as在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）