英國語文第六冊(雙語):人類和工業(yè)藝術(5)

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It is so with all the crafts, and they are inseparably dependent one on another. The mason waits on the carpenter for his mallet, and the carpenter on the smith for his saw; the smith on the smelter for his iron, and the smelter on the miner for his ore. Each, moreover, needs the help of all the others; —the carpenter the smith, as much as the smith the carpenter; and both the mason, as much as the mason both. This helplessness of the single craftsman is altogether peculiar to the human artist. The lower animals are all poly artists, amongst whom there are no degrees of skill; and they have never heard of such a doctrine as that of the division of labour.

任何工藝的掌握都是如此，而且工藝與工藝之間相互協(xié)助。工匠需要木匠的木槌，木匠需要鐵匠的鋸子，鐵匠需要熔工的鐵，熔工則需要礦工的礦。每個工種都更需要其他工種的協(xié)助，木匠對鐵匠的作用和鐵匠對木匠的作用是同等的，二者對工匠的作用也是同等的。這種單工種之間的協(xié)作是人類藝術獨有的特點。智力較低的生物則沒有藝術家等級區(qū)分，也沒有技術水平區(qū)分，更不會出現(xiàn)分工一說。

The industrialness, then, of man, is carried out in a way quite peculiar to himself, and singularly illustrative of his combined weakness and greatness. The most helpless, physically, of animals, and yet the one with the greatest number of pressing appetites and desires, he has no working instincts (at least after infancy) to secure the gratification of his most pressing wants, and no tools which such instincts can work by. He is compelled, therefore, to fall back upon the powers of his reason and understanding, and make his intellect serve him instead of a crowd of instinctive impulses, and his intellect-guided hand instead of an apparatus of tools. Before that hand, armed with the tools which it has fashioned, and that intellect, which marks man as made in the image of God, the instincts and weapons of the entire animal creation are as nothing. He reigns, by right of conquest, as indisputably as by right of inheritance, the king of this world.

人類的工業(yè)性是以一種人類特有的方式實現(xiàn)的，是人類缺點和優(yōu)點的獨特例證。沒有體能優(yōu)勢的人類卻野心勃勃，他們沒有勞作的本能（至少嬰兒期沒有）來滿足自己迫切的欲望，也沒有可以協(xié)助本能運作的工具。因此，人類只能依靠智商，讓智商代替本能驅使來為自己服務、讓聽從大腦指揮的雙手代替工具，在人類的雙手和人類發(fā)明的工具及其“上帝”般的偉大智商結合之前，整個動物界的本能和所謂的武器全都不值一提。人類通過征服權和繼承權成為了名副其實的“世界之王”。