英國(guó)語(yǔ)文第六冊(cè)(雙語(yǔ)):大馬士革與倫敦（二）(1)

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Our cities are filled and ornamented with hotels, coffee-houses, hospitals, work-houses, prisons, and similar conspicuous buildings. Generally speaking, there are none of these in the East. Hospitals and institutions for the sick and the poor were the offspring of Christianity, and are, I am inclined to think, peculiar to Christian lands.

在我們的城市里，酒店、咖啡屋、醫(yī)院、工廠、監(jiān)獄、還有類似比較顯眼的用來(lái)裝飾城市的建筑隨處可見(jiàn)，在東方的城市里通常卻看不到。為病人和窮人設(shè)立的一些醫(yī)院和機(jī)構(gòu)都是基督教名下的產(chǎn)物，所以我更傾向于認(rèn)為這些醫(yī)院和機(jī)構(gòu)是基督教國(guó)家特有的。

There are few prisons in the East, and these are very wretched. Imprisonment as a punishment is little practised, and is altogether unsuited to the Mohammedan law and mode of thinking. Life is not so sacred as with us. It is urged that if a man deserves to be confined as a dangerous member of society, he deserves to die; society will never miss him, and some expense will be spared: "Off with his head;—so much for Buckingham."

東方幾乎沒(méi)有監(jiān)獄，有的話也是那種糟糕透頂?shù)谋O(jiān)獄。監(jiān)禁作為一種懲罰方式和伊斯蘭教的法律以及思維模式是相違背的，因此很少會(huì)被采用。東方人看待生命沒(méi)有西方人看得那么神圣，如果一個(gè)人被認(rèn)定是社會(huì)危險(xiǎn)分子，那么他就應(yīng)該立即處死；社會(huì)也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)追悼他，而且他的死還能節(jié)省一些費(fèi)用：“砍掉他的腦袋；——白金漢就是落得了此等下場(chǎng)?！?/p>

Hence in Damascus, and in the East generally, people are not liable to the reproach which is sometimes brought against us—that the best house in the county is the jail. Besides, in the East, punishment follows crime instantaneously. The judge, the mufti, the prisoner, and the executioner, are all in the court at the same time. As soon as the sentence is delivered, the back is made bare, the donkey is ready (for perjury, in Damascus, the man rides through the city with his face to the tail), or the head falls, according to the crime, in the presence of all the people. Awful severity, and the rapidity of lightning, are the principles of their laws; nor do they deem it necessary to make the exact and minute distinctions of crime that we do. The object is to prevent crime, and this is most effectually done by the principle of terror and the certainty of immediate punishment.

因此，在東方，在大馬士革，人們不會(huì)輕易去指責(zé)說(shuō)自己國(guó)家的監(jiān)獄是建得最好的屋子，但是他們有時(shí)卻會(huì)拿這句話來(lái)指責(zé)西方國(guó)家。此外，在東方，犯人一般都會(huì)被當(dāng)即處決，法官、穆夫提（伊斯蘭教法典說(shuō)明官）、犯人、處決者會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在法院里，判決一旦公布，犯人就要裸露后背，驢子已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備就緒（在大馬士革，作偽證的人要倒騎毛驢游城），或者根據(jù)其罪名當(dāng)眾斬首，嚴(yán)酷和神速是東方國(guó)家法律的原則；而且他們認(rèn)為像西方國(guó)家這樣對(duì)罪行做出詳細(xì)區(qū)分是沒(méi)有必要的。目的都是為了預(yù)防犯罪，不同的是他們實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目的依據(jù)的是恐嚇和即時(shí)行刑的必然原則，也是最有效的原則。