(雙語(yǔ))月亮和六便士 第1章(1)

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Chapter 1

第一章

I confess that when first I made acquaintance with Charles Strickland I never for a moment discerned that there was in him anything out of the ordinary. Yet now few will be found to deny his greatness. I do not speak of that greatness which is achieved by the fortunate politician or the successful soldier; that is a quality which belongs to the place he occupies rather than to the man; and a change of circumstances reduces it to very discreet proportions. The Prime Minister out of office is seen, too often, to have been but a pompous rhetorician, and the General without an army is but the tame hero of a market town. The greatness of Charles Strickland was authentic. It may be that you do not like his art, but at all events you can hardly refuse it the tribute of your interest. He disturbs and arrests. The time has passed when he was an object of ridicule, and it is no longer a mark of eccentricity to defend or of perversity to extol him. His faults are accepted as the necessary complement to his merits. It is still possible to discuss his place in art, and the adulation of his admirers is perhaps no less capricious than the disparagement of his detractors; but one thing can never be doubtful, and that is that he had genius. To my mind the most interesting thing in art is the personality of the artist; and if that is singular, I am willing to excuse a thousand faults. I suppose Velasquez was a better painter than El Greco, but custom stales one's admiration for him: the Cretan, sensual and tragic, proffers the mystery of his soul like a standing sacrifice. The artist, painter, poet, or musician, by his decoration, sublime or beautiful, satisfies the aesthetic sense; but that is akin to the sexual instinct, and shares its barbarity: he lays before you also the greater gift of himself. To pursue his secret has something of the fascination of a detective story. It is a riddle which shares with the universe the merit of having no answer. The most insignificant of Strickland's works suggests a personality which is strange, tormented, and complex; and it is this surely which prevents even those who do not like his pictures from being indifferent to them; it is this which has excited so curious an interest in his life and character.

老實(shí)說(shuō)，我剛剛認(rèn)識(shí)查理斯·思特里克蘭德的時(shí)候，從來(lái)沒(méi)注意到這個(gè)人有什么與眾不同的地方，但是今天卻很少有人不承認(rèn)他的偉大了。我所謂的偉大不是走紅運(yùn)的政治家或是立戰(zhàn)功的軍人的偉大；這種人顯赫一時(shí)，與其說(shuō)是他們本身的特質(zhì)倒不如說(shuō)沾了他們地位的光，一旦事過(guò)境遷，他們的偉大也就黯然失色了。人們常常發(fā)現(xiàn)一位離了職的首相當(dāng)年只不過(guò)是個(gè)大言不慚的演說(shuō)家；一個(gè)解甲歸田的將軍無(wú)非是個(gè)平淡乏味的市井英雄。但是查理斯·思特里克蘭德的偉大卻是真正的偉大。你可能不喜歡他的藝術(shù)，但無(wú)論如何你不能不對(duì)它感到興趣。他的作品使你不能平靜，扣緊你的心弦。思特里克蘭德受人挪揄譏嘲的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過(guò)去了，為他辯護(hù)或甚至對(duì)他贊譽(yù)也不再被看作是某些人的奇行怪癖了。他的瑕疵在世人的眼中已經(jīng)成為他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)的必不可少的派生物。他在藝術(shù)史上的地位盡可以繼續(xù)爭(zhēng)論。崇拜者對(duì)他的贊頌同貶抑者對(duì)他的詆毀固然都可能出于偏頗和任性，但是有一點(diǎn)是不容置疑的，那就是他具有天才。在我看來(lái)，藝術(shù)中最令人感興趣的就是藝術(shù)家的個(gè)性；如果藝術(shù)家賦有獨(dú)特的性格，盡管他有一千個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，我也可以原諒。我料想，委拉斯凱茲【迪埃戈·羅德里蓋斯·德·西爾瓦·委拉斯凱茲（1599—1660），西班牙畫家】是個(gè)比埃爾·格列柯【埃爾·格列柯（1541—1614？），西班牙畫家，生于克里特島】更高超的畫家，可是由于所見(jiàn)過(guò)多，卻使我們感到他的繪畫有些乏味。而那位克里特島畫家的作品卻有一種肉欲和悲劇性的美，仿佛作為永恒的犧牲似地把自己靈魂的秘密呈獻(xiàn)出來(lái)。一個(gè)藝術(shù)家——畫家也好，詩(shī)人也好，音樂(lè)家也好，用他的崇高的或者美麗的作品把世界裝點(diǎn)起來(lái)，滿足了人們的審美意識(shí)，但這也同人類的性本能不無(wú)相似的地方，都有其粗野狂暴的一面。在把作品奉獻(xiàn)給世人的同時(shí)，藝術(shù)家也把他個(gè)人的偉大才能呈現(xiàn)到你眼前。探索一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的秘密頗有些閱讀偵探小說(shuō)的迷人勁兒。這個(gè)奧秘同大自然極相似，其妙處就在于無(wú)法找到答案。思特里克蘭德的最不足道的作品也使你模糊看到他的奇特、復(fù)雜、受著折磨的性格；那些不喜歡他的繪畫的人之所以不能對(duì)他漠不關(guān)心，肯定是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因。也正是這一點(diǎn)，使得那么多人對(duì)他的生活和性格充滿了好奇心和濃厚的興趣。