70　部分倒裝　Track68

 

倒裝在英文中是一種較為常見的語法現(xiàn)象。從結(jié)構(gòu)上來講，倒裝句可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝：將整個(gè)謂語部分全部放在主語之前。
部分倒裝：只將謂語的一部分（例如助動詞或系動詞）放在主語之前，其余部分仍然放在主語之后。
a.Now comes your turn.（全部倒裝）
b.Could you show me that book?（部分倒裝）
（1）句首有否定詞或否定短語時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。
1）常見的否定詞有never，hardly，scarcely，little，seldom，not，not until，rarely，no sooner...than，nowhere等。
a. So scary are those three words, words spoken in passion, spoken in a whisper. At one precise moment they feel so true so right. Some use them casually in their everyday chatter, but I find them sacred. I can speak them only when I'm certain. I will not use them in vain. They've been spoken to me before under the shroud of darkness beneath a warm touch. But never before did they ring true. Never before did they grab my heart and caress it with the magic of a pure soul. Never before have they been sincere enough to have my lips echo their syllables in the most meaningful sentence I could ever speak. Those three words are only for you.
b. Nowhere in the world can you find a man who is more foolish than John.
c. Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much!
d. No sooner had I taken a bath than the bell rang.
e. Not a word did he say at the meeting.
f. Never before have I heard such a story.
g. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
我在外國從來沒有聽到過演奏得這么好的美國音樂。
h. Not until he came back did I leave.（注意：主句中主謂結(jié)構(gòu)部分倒裝）
i. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
j.Nowhere but in Europe_________the results so clearly, which really have surprised us all.
A. we have seen
B. we saw
C. we must have seen
D. have we seen
正確答案：D。
2）常見的否定短語有in no way，in no case，at no time，by no means，in no sense，on no account，under no circumstances等。
這些否定短語常放在句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“絕不……”。大家一定要記住它們規(guī)定的介詞搭配。
a. In no way do I blame you for what happened.
b.On no account_________rudeness from his employees.
A. the manager will tolerate
B. the manager will not tolerate
C. the manager tolerates
D. will the manager tolerate
正確答案：D。
c.A thermometer put in the water tells us the temperature of water, but _________ does it show the amount of heat the water contains.
A. on no time
B. in no way
C. in any way
D. in no account
正確答案：B。
3）如果否定詞不是修飾整個(gè)句子，而只是限定句子主語，則句子不用倒裝。
a.Hardly anyone has seen a man who eats mice/cats.
b.Not only I but also he has been there.
c.To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by that I don't think of him or speak of him.
d.Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd.
人群里沒有發(fā)出一點(diǎn)兒聲音。
（2） "So + 形容詞 / 副詞”及“to the extent/degree”放在句首，表示程度，句子要倒裝。
a. To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
b. So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
c.To such an extent_________his empty speech that some of us began to doze.
A. did he go on with
B. he would go on with
C. he went on with
D. he did go on with
正確答案：A。
（3）在含有were, had, should的虛擬語氣中，若省去if，必須倒裝。（詳見“Chapter 8虛擬語氣”中“67非真實(shí)條件虛擬語氣句”第（3）點(diǎn)“倒裝虛擬語氣句”）
（4） as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須倒裝。（詳見“Chapter 3狀語從句”中“31讓步狀語從句”第（5）點(diǎn)“as的倒裝句”）
a. Look as I would up and down, I could see no men at all.
b. Change your mind as you will, you won't gain his support.
（5） "only +狀語”置于句首。
1） only +表示時(shí)間或方式的短語置于句首。
a. Only then did she realize she was wrong.
b. Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
c. Only by having an independent ego can women fully control their own lives.　只有心懷獨(dú)立的自我，女人才能完全主宰自己的生活。
d.Only under special circumstances_________to take make-up tests.
A. are freshmen permitted
B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen
D. are permitted freshmen
正確答案：A。
2） only若加各類狀語從句置于句首，需要注意是主句中的主謂語必須倒裝，而不是從句中的主謂語倒裝，這一點(diǎn)與not until用法相同。
a. Only when he had failed three times did he turn to me for advice.
b. Only when a man's life comes to its end in prosperity dare we pronounce him happy.
只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人的生命在輝煌中結(jié)束時(shí)，我們才能斷言他是幸福的。
c.An intimate relationship does not banish loneliness. Only when we are comfortable with who we are and can function independently in a healthy way, can we truly function within a relationship. Two halves do not make a whole when it comes to a healthy relationship: it takes two wholes.
3）若only修飾的是句子主語，而非狀語時(shí)，句子不用倒裝。
Only she knew how to deal with this problem.
（6）代詞so, neither, nor或no more置于句首。
a.I can't speak French, nor can he .
b.He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from.
c.A: Meal price has gone up.
B: So has tuition.
d.She never laughed,_________lose her temper.
A. or she ever did
B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever
D. nor she ever did
正確答案：B。
此外，要注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用來表達(dá)對別人講的情況有同感，此時(shí)不用倒裝。
e.A: It's a very nice day.天氣真好。
B: So it is .可不是嘛！
（7）讓步狀語從句的倒裝句：be it...。（詳見“Chapter 3狀語從句”中“31讓步狀語從句”第（7）點(diǎn)“be的倒裝句表示讓步”）
a.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
b. Be he ever so tired, he continued to go farther.