64　名詞從句的簡(jiǎn)化　Track62

 

邏輯思路：英文中只有動(dòng)名詞和不定式具有名詞特征，可以當(dāng)成名詞來(lái)使用。所以屬于名詞類的名詞從句自然可以簡(jiǎn)化成兩種形式：一是簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)名詞，二是簡(jiǎn)化為不定式。
（1）名詞從句與動(dòng)名詞
由that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句一般換成動(dòng)名詞來(lái)表達(dá)，通常采用動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的形式。
1） that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化：
直接用動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換主語(yǔ)從句，放在句首作主語(yǔ)。
a.It surprised us that John won the marathon .
b. That John won the marathon surprised us.
c. John's winning the marathon surprised us.
d. That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody.
e. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody.
2） that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化：
簡(jiǎn)化同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先要在同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞后邊加上介詞，通常是用of來(lái)表示同位關(guān)系，然后把從句換成動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
a.There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive . 戴維不可能從戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上生還。
b.There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive .
c.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion that economic recovery would be just around the corner was untrue.
任何人只要稍稍看一眼目前失業(yè)率的數(shù)據(jù)就能知道，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇即將到來(lái)的斷言是不符合事實(shí)的。
d.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.
e.We were greatly encouraged by the news that China had launched another man-made satellite .
f.We were greatly encouraged by the news of China having launched another man-made satellite.
3） that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化：
賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化較復(fù)雜，可轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式或動(dòng)名詞，這與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法密切相關(guān)。
a.I hope that I can drive to work in my own car .
我希望能夠開(kāi)著自己的車去上班。
b.I hope to drive to work in my own car .（hope后要接不定式）
c.I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future .
d.I consider emigrating to America in the future. （consider后要接動(dòng)名詞）
有的動(dòng)詞后邊還需接介詞。
e.Jane's mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.
f.Jane's mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
綜上所述，賓語(yǔ)從句要簡(jiǎn)化成動(dòng)名詞還是不定式形式，完全取決于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因此，我們要熟練掌握動(dòng)詞的用法。在前文“48動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)”已分別列出過(guò)接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)的常用易錯(cuò)動(dòng)詞。
（2）名詞從句與不定式
能簡(jiǎn)化成不定式的名詞從句一般有兩個(gè)共同的特征：
1）名詞從句謂語(yǔ)往往含有情態(tài)意義，多見(jiàn)的是should, can和could。
2）通常是連接代詞、連接副詞以及whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。
a.I don't know what I should do.
b.I don't know what to do.
c.Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.
d.Please tell me how to get to the bus station.
e.She can't decide whether she should go with him or stay home.
f.She can't decide whether to go with him or (to) stay home.
g.I haven't decided whether I should vote for Clint.
h.I haven't decided whether to vote for Clint.