24　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句　Track23

24　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句　Track23

（1） when +短暫動(dòng)詞
1） when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意思相當(dāng)于at that time（在……時(shí)刻），從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是短暫動(dòng)詞，表示某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作。
a.I'11 speak to him when he arrives.
b.I'11 tell him about it when he comes back.
c.When I arrived , he was talking on the phone.
d.When I got there, he had already left.
從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)從句往往用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
e.The doorbell rang when I was telephoning .
在我打電話的時(shí)候，門(mén)鈴?fù)蝗豁懥恕?br /> 2）請(qǐng)注意when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配，以及不同時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)的主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系。
 


 
3）也可用whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
a. Whenever you say "I love you”, mean it. Whenever you say "I'm sorry”, look the person right in the eyes.
無(wú)論何時(shí)說(shuō)“我愛(ài)你”，請(qǐng)真心誠(chéng)意。無(wú)論何時(shí)說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”，請(qǐng)直視對(duì)方的眼睛。
b. Whenever someone asks you something you don't want to answer, smile and ask "Why do you want to know?”.
當(dāng)別人問(wèn)而你不想回答時(shí)，笑著說(shuō)“你為什么想知道？”。
c.Smile whenever you pick up the phone, for the caller will be able to notice it.　面帶微笑地接聽(tīng)電話，因?yàn)閷?duì)方能感覺(jué)得到。
（2） while +延續(xù)動(dòng)詞
意思相當(dāng)于during that time（在……期間），表示某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。
a.The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
b.The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.
c.A detective（偵探）arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff（上手銬） him when a huge gust（一陣狂風(fēng)） of wind blew the detective's hat off.
“Shall I go and fetch it?" the criminal asked.
“Do you take me for a fool?" asked the detective. "You wait here while I go and get it!”　（此句中g(shù)o和get盡管是短暫動(dòng)詞，但兩動(dòng)詞連用表示的是在一段期間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)。）
d.I was walking along the road_________suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
A. immediately
B. when
C. the moment
D. while
正確答案：B。
分析：因?yàn)閺木涞膭?dòng)詞patted是一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作，所以選B。
（3） until
1）當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常用肯定形式。
a. Wait until he comes back.（wait 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）
b.we'll stay here until it stops raining.（stay為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）
c.When I showed my Dad my report card, I said, "Remember, Dad, Thomas Edison got bad grades in school, too." He said, "Fine, stay in your room until you invent the light bulb（燈泡）.”
d.Until I came back, he was waiting for me at my home.
2）若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短暫動(dòng)詞，則要用否定形式。這就是我們常說(shuō)的“not...until...（直到……才……）”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
a.I did not realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.　直到我長(zhǎng)大成人以后，我才真正懂得母親是多么不平凡。
b.One will never realize how much and how little he knows until he starts talking.　人們只有在與人進(jìn)行交談時(shí)才知道自己到底懂得多少。
c.Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
d.I didn't go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
e.He didn't leave the office until his boss came back.
3） "not...until...”有四種不同的句式：
正常結(jié)構(gòu)：
a.The little boy didn't smile until he saw his mother.
b.The exact time of dying was not of great importance until recently.
直到最近，確定死亡的確切時(shí)間才 變得尤其重要。 （注意翻譯）
until置于句首：
c. Until he saw his mother, the little boy didn't smile.
d. Until recently the exact time of dying was not of great importance.
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：
e. Not until he saw his mother did the little boy smile.（主句倒裝）
f. Not until recently was the exact time of dying of great importance.
強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：
g. It was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled.
h. It was not until recently that the exact time of dying was of great importance.
注意：
1） until后接的動(dòng)詞常是短暫性動(dòng)詞。
2）在“not until...”這個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，需要部分倒裝的是主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而非從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.
3）倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主句謂語(yǔ)不再采用倒裝形式。
It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
（4） "一……就……”
1）表示“一……就……”的連詞有：as soon as，once，the minute，the moment，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly等。
這些連詞的用法和句式結(jié)構(gòu)是一樣的，主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)一般一致。
a.We will leave as soon as it stops raining.　雨一停，我們就動(dòng)身離開(kāi)。
b.It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.　我剛到家，天就開(kāi)始下起雨來(lái)。
c.It began to rain immediately I arrived home.
d.It began to rain the moment I arrived home.
e.The doorbell rang as soon as we began having dinner.
f.Don't trust those who leave their friends the moment they get into difficulty!
g.You see the lightning_________it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant
B. for an instant
C. on the instant
D. in an instant
正確答案：A。
分析：因?yàn)閺木涞膭?dòng)作緊接著主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，表示“一……就……”，所以選A。
2） hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than。主句多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，且常倒裝，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。該句型的主句和從句與as soon as等的從句、主句的位置正好相反。
a. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
b. Hardly/Scarcely had I arrived home when it began to rain.
c. No sooner had we begun having dinner than the doorbell rang.
（5）表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
有一些表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)也可當(dāng)作連詞來(lái)用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，如next time，by the time，every time，each time，the day，the week等。
a. The day he returned, his father was already dead.
在他回來(lái)的那天，父親就已經(jīng)去世了。
b. Next time you come, remember to bring along your sister.
c. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
d.In the classic children's tale, the puppet Pinocchio's nose grows longer every time he tells a lie.
在這個(gè)經(jīng)典的童話故事中，小木偶皮諾曹每次一說(shuō)謊，鼻子就要長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)。
注意：by the time
by the time的意思是“在……之前”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成（one event is completed before another event）”，因此，by the time后邊接從句，而與其搭配的主句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。注意下面例句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配：