58 過去完成進行時的用法　Track 058

過去完成進行時與過去完成時之間的關(guān)系，同現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時之間的關(guān)系一樣。它的用法與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法基本相同，只是將“坐標時間”移到過去。同樣是強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性，表示開始于過去某一時刻之前的動作持續(xù)到過去這一時刻，并可能仍將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
（1）強調(diào)在過去的某一時刻之前一直在持續(xù)的一項活動，且該活動可能仍將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去

 
例句
a. When I arrived in Inner Mongolia, it had been snowing for half a month.
b. She had been studying French for one year before she went to France.
（2）強調(diào)在過去的某一時刻之前一直在持續(xù)的一項活動，活動持續(xù)到過去這一時刻為止，或者是在這一時刻之前剛剛結(jié)束

 
例句
a. The police had been looking for the murderer for two years before they caught him.
b. He finally showed up at nine o’clock. I had been waiting for him since six o’clock.
c. When she arrived, I had been waiting in the cold for three hours.
d. I had been looking for jobs for nearly half a year before I finally got a position in this dot-com company.
e. When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. I knew they had been fighting.
f.There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes.Somebody had been smoking in the room.
g. The plane, which had been waiting on the runway for hours, finally got clearance for take-off.
（3）可表示過去某一時刻之前的一段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作
例句
a. He had been gambling for two years before his wife found out.
b. I had been trying to get her on the phone. Finally she gave me a call.
我一直試著打電話找她，最后她給我回了個電話。
同樣，這里的重復(fù)動作不能說出具體次數(shù)。我們可以說：
I had tried five times to get her on the phone before she finally gave me a call.
我打了五次電話去找她，她終于給我回了電話。
而不能說：I had been trying five times…*