19 that可以指代人，也可以指代物　Track 019

that既可指人，也可指物；that不用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中（關(guān)于限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，將在第四節(jié)詳細(xì)討論）；that不能用于介詞之后，這同who一樣。
The world______we live is made up of matter.
我們所生活的世界是由物質(zhì)組成的。
A. in which
B. in that
C. which
正確答案：A。
上句我們也可以說(shuō)成：
The world that/which we live in is made up of matter.
在下列情況中最好用that：（重點(diǎn)記憶）
（1）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that
The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.
我們對(duì)這篇文章中提到的作家及其作品耳熟能詳。
（2）先行詞為指物的all，little，few，much，none以及the first時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that
a. All that glitters is not gold.
閃光的未必都是黃金。
b. This book contains little that is useful.
這本書(shū)中有用的東西不多。
c. There is not much that can be done.
可做的不多。
d. As long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome.
只要你勇敢地去面對(duì)困難，就沒(méi)有什么克服不了的！
（3）先行詞是不定代詞something，anything，nothing，everything時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that
a. Is there anything that I can do for you?
b. Greater expense does not always equal better gift. I would much rather receive a gift that was unique or that I knew my friend had put some thought into rather than something that cost a lot of money but that I didn’t need or want. I would much rather receive something that made me laugh, made me reminisce, or fit my personality than something that cost a lot but that I will just throw in my closet and forget about.
禮物并不是價(jià)格越貴就越好。我倒希望收到的禮物是很別致的，或是我知道那是朋友為我精心準(zhǔn)備的，而不是花費(fèi)很多卻不是我需要或想要的。我希望收到的是能夠讓我開(kāi)心、讓我追憶或是適合我口味的禮物，而不是價(jià)格不菲、看完之后隨手就扔到儲(chǔ)藏室而拋在腦后的禮物。
（4）先行詞被any，only，all，every，no，some，much，few，little，序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)，the only，the one，the very，the right以及the last 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。
a. Tell us all things that you know.
b. There is no difficulty（that） they can’t overcome.
c. The only thing that we should do is find our way home.
d. The very problem that I want to solve is like this.