1 BY∶ 在…旁，靠近；從…；依靠，依據(jù)，憑借，以，用；由于；屬于

1 BY∶ 在…旁，靠近；從…；依靠，依據(jù)，憑借，以，用；由于；屬于

詞組講解

1. by a hair's breadth / by a whisker ** 險(xiǎn)些，差一點(diǎn)

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［一根頭發(fā)（a hair）］的［寬度（breadth）］

例 I dropped the hammer and it just missed the man below me by a hair's breadth.

The driver turned the wheel furiously, swerving and getting past the rock by a whisker.

2. by a mile ** 差距很大

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［一英里（a mile）］的距離

例 Initial estimates of $40,000-65,000 for the project were off by a mile. The actual final cost was close to half a million dollars.

3. by all appearances ** 從外表推斷；就所知推斷；顯然

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［表面（all appearances）］來(lái)看

例 By all appearances, this team should be in the 2010 World Cup, but questionable coaching has prevented the Malaysian from reaching their full potential.

4. by all means of sth. / by all means ** 一定，務(wù)必；盡一切辦法

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：用［所有手段（all means）］

例 We by all means adhere to the code of ethics.

5. by and large ** 大體上，總的來(lái)說(shuō)

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：在旁邊［大范圍地（large）］；源于航海用語(yǔ)

例 By and large, people want to make a positive contribution to society.

6. by any means ** 無(wú)論如何，不擇手段

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：用［任何手段（any means）］

例 Investigators working on the case were given implicit permission to find the man by any means, legal or illegal.

7. by chance ** 偶然；意外

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：憑借［偶然機(jī)會(huì)（chance）］

例 I saw John by chance at the mall this weekend. He was shopping with his wife.

8. by choice ** 出于選擇；自由地

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：憑借［選擇（choice）］

例 Smith testified he met the girl at Fire Disco and that she went home with him by choice, not by force as has been suggested.

9. by coincidence ** 湊巧

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：屬于［巧合（coincidence）］

例 By coincidence, our mothers had given us exactly the same leather jacket for Christmas.

10. by dint of sth. ** 依靠，憑借

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：依靠某物的［力量（dint）］

例 It was by dint of time and effort that we overcame the problems.

11. by fits and starts ** 不規(guī)則地，間歇地，一陣一陣地

解 〈口〉習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［間歇的狀態(tài)（fits and starts）］

例 Though it was by fits and starts, we managed to get the new team organized and playing in regular games in less than two years.

12. by guess and by golly ** 憑猜測(cè)，憑直覺(jué)和粗略估計(jì)

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：憑著［推測(cè)（guess）］和［神（golly）］的幫助

例 None of us had ever built a house before, but we gave it our best try and got it done by guess and by golly.

13. by hook or by crook ** 不擇手段，千方百計(jì)；無(wú)論如何

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：不論是用這個(gè)［鉤（hook）］還是那個(gè)［鉤（crook）］

例 This just proves that Norton is determined to win this election by hook or by crook.

14. by leaps and bounds ** 飛躍地，突飛猛進(jìn)地，迅速地

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：憑借［跳躍（leaps and bounds）］

例 Children start growing by leaps and bounds when they reach puberty.

15. by means of sth. ** 用，依靠

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：依靠某種［方法（means）］

例 The two women were removed from the top of the burning building by means of a crane.

16. by mistake ** 錯(cuò)誤地

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：由于［失誤（mistake）］

例 Somehow I had picked up another person's umbrella by mistake and had to return to the hotel to return it and find my own.

17. by no means ** 絕不

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：不依靠任何［手段（means）］

例 We're by no means interested in buying the building. We're just curious about it.

18. by return mail ** 以回函方式

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：用［回信（return mail）］

例 We mail the advertisement to homeowners. Those who are interested use the enclosed envelope to order our catalog by return mail.

19. by shank's mare ** 徒步

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：憑著［雙腿（shank's mare）］

例 It's easier to park your car and get around by shank's mare downtown.

20. by the day 〔week, month, year〕 ** 按天（星期、月、年等）計(jì)算

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［天（day）］為單位

例 You can rent the car by the day, by the week or by the month.

21. by the dozen ** 成打

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［一打（dozen）］為單位

例 Donuts are usually sold by the dozen. The same goes for eggs.

22. by the dozens ** 大量；數(shù)量不確定

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［很多打（dozens）］為單位；與by the hundreds意思相近，但是表示的數(shù)量要比by the hundreds小

例 In the 1980's huge finance companies bought up small banks by the dozens.

23. by the handful ** 一把；很多

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［一把（handful）］為單位

例 Visitors toss peanuts to the elephant by the handful.

Soon after enactment of the law, publishing companies began failing by the handful.

24. by the nape of the neck ** 從脖子后面

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：從［脖子后面（the nape of the neck）］

例 Mother grabbed each of us by the nape of the neck and removed us from the kitchen.

25. by the numbers 〔book〕 ** 根據(jù)規(guī)則；依據(jù)慣例

解 〈口〉習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：依據(jù)［數(shù)字（numbers）或書(shū)本（book）］

例 Inspections are carried out by the numbers. No exceptions are granted.

The rescue was carried out safely because it was done by the book.

26. by the same token ** 同樣地；出于相同原因

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：以［同樣的特征（the same token）］

例 U.N. peace keeping troops will not carry lethal weapons. By the same token, rebels and the state military will refrain from using theirs.

27. by the seat of one's pants ** 憑本能，憑感覺(jué)

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：依靠［臀部（seat of one's pants）］

例 They say we won the game by the seat of our pants. I say luck or no luck, the fact remains that we did win and we are the champions.

28. by the skin of one's teeth ** 僥幸，勉強(qiáng)，好不容易才…

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：憑借［牙齒上的皮膚（skin of one's teeth）］

例 Of course Bruce Willis escaped the building by the skin of his teeth just as it collapsed behind him.

29. by the sweat of one's brow ** 靠自己的辛勤勞動(dòng)

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：靠［額頭上的汗水（the sweat of one's brow）］

例 Gone are the days when farmers grew their crops by the sweat of their brow.

30. by the way ** 順便說(shuō)一下，順便問(wèn)一下；在途中

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：在［途（way）］中

例 Chris called, by the way. He said he won't be coming tonight.

31. by virtue of sth. ** 由于；依靠，憑借

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：靠…的［功效（virtue）］

例 All three of his sons attended Harvard by virtue of their father's status.

32. by way of sth. ** 經(jīng)由，途經(jīng)；通過(guò)；以求，為了；當(dāng)做，作為…之用；行將，快要

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：從［某條路（way）］或靠著［某種方法（way）］

例 After work I go to the London House Pub, by way of Market Square.

Children always learn reading by way of pictures.

33. by word of mouth ** （與書(shū)面相對(duì)）口頭地

解 習(xí)語(yǔ)；詞義溯源：憑借［嘴里說(shuō)的話（word of mouth）］

例 News of the incident spread quickly by word of mouth.

參考譯文

1. 我的錘子掉了，差點(diǎn)砸到我下面的那個(gè)人。

司機(jī)猛打方向盤，突然轉(zhuǎn)彎，勉強(qiáng)躲過(guò)了巖石。

2. 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的最初預(yù)算是4萬(wàn)到6萬(wàn)5千美元，這跟實(shí)際情況差得太多了。最終的實(shí)際花費(fèi)接近50萬(wàn)美元。

3. 根據(jù)觀察判斷，馬來(lái)西亞隊(duì)本來(lái)應(yīng)該可以晉級(jí)2010年世界杯，但是由于教練有問(wèn)題，這支隊(duì)伍未能充分發(fā)揮他們的潛力。

4. 我們一定遵守道德規(guī)范。

5. 總體而言，人們希望能夠?yàn)樯鐣?huì)作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

6. 負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)案件的調(diào)查人員獲得默許，可以使用任何合法或非法的手段找到那個(gè)人。

7. 我這周末在購(gòu)物中心偶然碰到了約翰。他正跟他妻子購(gòu)物呢。

8. 史密斯在證詞中稱，他是在烈火迪斯科舞廳碰到的這個(gè)女孩，并且她是自愿跟他回家的，而不是所謂被暴力脅迫的。

9. 巧的是，我們的媽媽給我們買了一樣的皮夾克作為圣誕禮物。

10. 我們憑借付出的時(shí)間和努力解決了那些問(wèn)題。

11. 盡管活動(dòng)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，但我們還是在不到兩年的時(shí)間里成功組建了新隊(duì)伍，并且定期參加比賽。

12. 我們以前都沒(méi)有蓋過(guò)房子，但是我們盡了最大努力，并且憑著猜測(cè)的方法蓋好了房子。

13. 這恰恰證明諾頓決心無(wú)論如何都要贏得這次選舉。

14. 孩子們到了青春期之后，身體發(fā)育就會(huì)非常迅速。

15. 那兩個(gè)被困在失火大樓頂層的女士通過(guò)吊車被救了下來(lái)。

16. 不知怎么回事，我錯(cuò)拿了別人的傘，因此不得不返回酒店把它還回去，找回自己的傘。

17. 我們對(duì)購(gòu)買這棟大樓一點(diǎn)興趣也沒(méi)有。我們只是對(duì)它感到好奇而已。

18. 我們把廣告郵寄給業(yè)主，感興趣的業(yè)主會(huì)用隨信附送的信封回函訂購(gòu)我們目錄上的產(chǎn)品。

19. 在市區(qū)，停下車徒步出行會(huì)比較方便。

20. 你可以按天、按星期或者按月來(lái)租車。

21. 甜甜圈通常是按打賣的。雞蛋也是一樣。

22. 在20世紀(jì)80年代，大型金融公司大量收購(gòu)小型銀行。

23. 游客一把一把地把花生扔給大象。

這項(xiàng)法律生效后不久，大批出版公司倒閉。

24. 媽媽從后面抓著我們的脖子，把我們趕出了廚房。

25. 調(diào)查是照章辦事，沒(méi)有任何例外。

救援工作的進(jìn)行是安全的，因?yàn)檫@一工作是依據(jù)規(guī)定開(kāi)展的。

26. 聯(lián)合國(guó)維和部隊(duì)不會(huì)攜帶致命武器。同樣，叛軍和政府軍隊(duì)也被限制，不可使用其致命武器。

27. 他們說(shuō)我們是憑感覺(jué)贏得的比賽。但是照我說(shuō)，不論是不是靠運(yùn)氣，最終的結(jié)果就是我們贏了，我們是冠軍。

28. 當(dāng)然，布魯斯·威利斯就在大樓坍塌之前，好不容易才從中逃脫。

29. 農(nóng)民靠辛勤勞動(dòng)種莊稼的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。

30. 對(duì)了，順便告訴你，克里斯來(lái)過(guò)電話。他說(shuō)他今晚不來(lái)了。

31. 憑借他的地位，他的三個(gè)兒子都上了哈佛大學(xué)。

32. 下班后，我去了倫敦豪斯酒吧，途經(jīng)市場(chǎng)廣場(chǎng)。

孩子通常通過(guò)看圖來(lái)識(shí)字。

33. 關(guān)于這件事的消息迅速口口相傳。