高中語(yǔ)法專練：i. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成及類型

i. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成及類型

1. 構(gòu)成：名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)=邏輯主語(yǔ)+邏輯謂語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)。

He went out quickly, a baby in his arms. (= a baby was in his arms) .

他匆忙出去了，懷里抱著一個(gè)嬰兒。

The old woman came in, her son following her . (=her son followed her) .

老婦人進(jìn)來(lái)了，她兒子尾隨著她。

2. 作用：相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句，表示方式或伴隨的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作；有時(shí)也表示時(shí)間、原因、條件 。

It being Sunday, you needn't go to school. （表原因）

今天是星期天，你不必去上學(xué)。

All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open. （表時(shí)間）

官員們都到齊了，宣布開(kāi)會(huì)。

Weather permitting ,we'll go to the Summer Palace. （表?xiàng)l件）

天氣允許的話，我們?nèi)ヮU和園。

The guards stood at attention, guns on shoulders . （表伴隨）

衛(wèi)兵立正站著，肩膀扛著槍。

He came out, umbrella in hand . （表伴隨）

他出來(lái)了，手里拿著傘。

3. 獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)類型：

1）名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞（具有主動(dòng)意義）

She watered the flowers, her child feeding the birds .

她在澆花，她的孩子在喂鳥(niǎo)。

The storm having destroyed their house, they had to live in a cave.

暴風(fēng)雨毀了他們的房子，他們只好住在山洞里。

2）名詞/代詞+過(guò)去分詞（具有被動(dòng)意義）

He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.

他仰臥在那里，雙手交叉放在頭下面。

The table set , we can have dinner at once.

桌子擺好了，我們可以馬上吃飯了。

Everything taken into consideration , her plan seems to be more reasonable.

把一切考慮在內(nèi)的話，她的計(jì)劃似乎更合理。

3）名詞/代詞+形容詞

He entered the room, his nose red with cold.

他進(jìn)了房間，鼻子凍得通紅。

4）名詞/代詞+不定式

Here are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.

給你前兩本書(shū)，第三本下個(gè)月出版。

5）名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)

He came in, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).

他進(jìn)來(lái)了，手里拿著書(shū)本。

注意： 在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如使用with，名詞前要加物主代詞和冠詞；如不使用with，則名詞前省略物主代詞和冠詞。且該結(jié)構(gòu)不能加being。

6）名詞/代詞+副詞

He was crying inside the house, his sister outside.

他在房子里面哭泣，他的妹妹在外面。

7）There being結(jié)構(gòu)

There being nothing to do , we had to go home earlier than usual.

由于無(wú)事可做，我們只好比往常早點(diǎn)回家了。

He stole a toy in the supermarket, there being nobody around.

他在超市里偷了一個(gè)玩具，周圍沒(méi)有一個(gè)人。

4. “with +賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”=“with + 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”表示伴隨、原因或條件。

With the old man leading the way , we started toward the mountains.

由那位老人領(lǐng)路，我們開(kāi)始向山區(qū)出發(fā)了。

He came in, with his daughter supporting him.

他進(jìn)來(lái)了，女兒攙扶著他。

With this problem solved, the meeting was over.

此問(wèn)題解決了，會(huì)議結(jié)束了。

Tian An Men looks more beautiful, with all lights on.

所有燈亮了，天安門看起來(lái)更美麗了。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. It _______ heavily, the game had to be delayed.

A. was snowing

B. snowing

C. snowed

D. had snowed

2. _______ , the lecture began.

A. The listeners having taken their seats

B. Having taken their seats

C. Taking their seats

D. The listeners to take their seats

3. _______ , Tom went out to play.

A. There was nothing to do

B. There had nothing to do

C. As there had nothing to do

D. There being nothing to do

4. _______ , the leaves are beginning _______.

A. Autumn comes; to fail

B. Autumn coming; to fail

C. As autumn coming; failing

D. Autumn to come; failing

5. _______ , the patient can leave the hospital.

A. Better conditions

B. Conditions better

C. Conditions are better

D. Being better conditions

6. _______ , the patient can leave the hospital.

A. If better conditions

B. If conditions better

C. If conditions are better

D. Being better conditions

7. _______ , we'd like to go outing.

A. Being Sunday

B. Sunday OK

C. Sunday is OK

D. If Sunday OK

8. _______ , we'd like to go outing.

A. If Sunday is OK

B. Sunday being OK

C. Sunday OK

D. A, B and C

9. _______ , you can wait a while.

A. The play being still on

B. The play still on

C. Being still on the play

D. A and B

10. _______ , so you can wait a while.

A. The play is still on

B. The play being still on

C. As the play is still on

D. The play still on

答案速查　1-5　BADBB　6—10　CBDDA