高中語法專練：vi. 在would rather/prefer/sooner和but　that后引出從句時虛擬語氣的用法

vi. 在would rather/prefer/sooner和but　that后引出從句時虛擬語氣的用法

1. would rather/prefer/sooner ... were/did表示對將來情況的虛擬。

I'd rather you came tomorrow.

我倒是愿意你明天能來。

I'd rather you went to university right now.

我倒是愿意你現(xiàn)在就上大學(xué)。

She'd rather her husband came back now.

她但愿丈夫現(xiàn)在就回來。

2. would rather/prefer/sooner ... had done表示對過去情況的虛擬。

I'd rather you hadn't done that.

我倒是寧愿你沒有做過那件事。

3. but that表達(dá)“若不是”之意引出從句時，主句要用虛擬語氣：would have done表示對過去情況的虛擬，would do表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，would be doing表示對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行情況的虛擬。

But that he had a family, he would have left for England long ago!

若不是他有個家庭的話，他很久以前就動身去英國了。

The little girl would have died, but that she just jumped from the first floor.

這個小姑娘若不是當(dāng)初是從一樓上跳下去的話，她就已經(jīng)死了。

He would join in the match, but that he is ill.

若不是有病的話，他是會加入比賽的。

4. 在lest, for fear that, in case引出的從句中，用“（should）+動詞原形”表達(dá)“為了不……，以免……”之意，should可以省略。

The children have to get up early every day lest/for fear that they (should) miss the school bus.

為了不錯過校車，孩子們不得不每天很早起床。

Jack studies very hard lest/for fear that he (should) fail to pass the examinations.

杰克學(xué)習(xí)很用功以免考試不及格。

Batteries should be kept in a dry place lest/for fear that electricity (should) leak away.

干電池應(yīng)該放在干燥的地方以免電漏掉。

He took his raincoat with him least/in case it (should) rain .

他隨身帶了件雨衣以免天下雨。

She wore a pair of black glasses for fear that she (should) be recognized.

為了不被認(rèn)出，她帶了副墨鏡。

5. 表示祝愿的句型有：

1）動詞用原形

God bless you!

愿上帝保佑你！

Long live Chairman Mao!

毛主席萬歲！

2）May ＋主語+動詞原形

May you succeed!

祝你成功！

May our friendship last forever!

祝我們的友誼萬古長青！

6. otherwise或or（否則，不然）后引導(dǎo)的從句常用虛擬語氣。

I didn't know your telephone number otherwise I would have called you.

我原來不知道你的電話號碼，否則我早就給你打電話了。

He was busy last week or he would have come to see us.

他上周很忙，不然早就來看我們了。

She must have had an accident, or she would have been there then.

她一定出事了，否則當(dāng)時就已經(jīng)到那里了。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. I'd rather you _______ that.

A. don't

B. won't do

C. hadn't done

D. haven't done

2. I'd rather my son _______ to university right now.

A. go

B. went

C. will go

D. goes

3. I _______ you much money, but that I _______ you lacked money then.

A. could lend; didn't know

B. could have lent; don't know

C. could have lent; didn't know

D. would have lent; don't know

4. Here is a shilling in case you _______ it.

A. should need

B. might need

C. need

D. A or B

5. _______ there never be another world war!

A. Can

B. May

C. Must

D. Will

6. _______ prosperous and strong!

A. Let your country become

B. Hope your country become

C. May your country become

D. Your country it becoming

7. They must have liked the apartment otherwise they _______ so long.

A. wouldn't have stayed

B. wouldn't stay

C. didn't stay

D. won't stay

8. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _______ to the meeting.

A. would come

B. came

C. should come

D. would have come

9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she _______ something she would regret later.

A. had said

B. said

C. might say

D. might have said

10. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he _______ a goal.

A. had scored

B. scored

C. would score

D. would have scored

答案速查　1-5　CBCAB　6—10　CADDD