高中語法專練：ii. 不定式、動名詞作賓語時的區(qū)別
ii. 不定式、動名詞作賓語時的區(qū)別
1. 表示抽象的、經常的、一般性的行為多用動名詞；而表示特定的、具體的，特別是將來的行為，強調的是動作，多用不定式。
I like singing , but I hate to sing now.
我喜歡唱歌，但是我現在不愿唱。
2. 當作try, remember, stop, forget, regret, want, require, need, mean等動詞賓語時，有明顯差別：
1）forget to so sth. 忘記去做某事；forget doing sth.忘記做過某事
—The light in the office is still on.
—Oh, I forgot to turn it off.
——辦公室的燈還亮著。
——哦，我忘了關了。
I forgot meeting you at someplace the other day.
我忘記前幾天在哪里見過你。
2）remember to do sth. 記住要去做某事；remember doing sth.記得做過某事
You must remember to close the window when you leave.
你走時一定記住關門。
I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.
我記得小時候曾被帶去北京。
3）regret to do sth. 對要做的某事表示抱歉；regret doing sth.后悔做過某事
I regret to say I can't come to help you.
我要很遺憾地說我不能幫助你。
I regretted missing the first bus that morning.
我很遺憾那天早上錯過了第一班車。
4）try to do sth. 盡力做某事；try doing sth. 試著用某種方法做某事
Let's try knocking at the back door.
咱們試著敲后門吧。
He tried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officials.
他極力裝出與官員同樂的樣子。
5）want to do sth.想要做某事；want doing某事需要被做
She wants to go to school.
她想上大學。
The clothes want mending ./to be mended .
這些衣服需要修補。
6）mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth意味著做某事
I mean to come early today.
我今天打算早點兒來。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
錯過了火車就意味著再等一小時。
7）stop to do sth.停下來去做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事
He stopped to talk with me.
他停下來與我談話。
They stopped talking when the teacher came in.
當老師進來的時候他們停止了說話。
8）go on to do sth.接著做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不斷地做同一件事
They went on doing their work after a short rest.
稍事休息他們繼續(xù)工作了。
Having washed the clothes, mother went on to sweep the floor.
媽媽洗完了衣服，接下來拖地板。
9）can't help (to) do sth.不能幫助做某事；can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事；can't help but do sth.不得不做某事
He couldn't help laughing when he heard the news.
當聽到消息時，他禁不住笑了。
I'm sorry I can't help to repair the radio.
很遺憾我不能幫你修收音機。
He is such a nobleman that I can't help but respect him.
他如此高尚，我不得不敬重他。
10）be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事；be afraid of doing sth.擔心做某事
The little girl was afraid to go out at night.
那個小女孩兒夜間不敢外出。
She was afraid of making the same mistakes.
她擔心犯同樣的錯誤。
11）be used to do sth. 被用來做某事；be/get used to doing sth. 習慣于做某事
Coal can be used to make a fire.
煤可以用來生火。
The boy is used to doing his homework by himself.
那個男孩兒習慣了獨自做作業(yè)。
12）require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事；require doing某事需要被做
This letter requires answering with care.
這封信需要認真回復。
One of his orders required all the people to bow to him.
他的命令之一要求所有人向他鞠躬。
You are required to hand in your homework by next Saturday.
要求你們下周六前交作業(yè)。
I require your homework to be handed in by next Saturday.
我要求你們下周六前作業(yè)上交。
13）be sure to do sth.別人看來主語一定會做某事； be sure of doing sth.主語自信會做某事
I think he is sure to live for 100 years but he said he was sure of living for 200 years.
我認為他一定能活到100歲，但是他說他自信會活到200歲。
14）like doing sth.表示一貫的愛好，like to do sth.表示具體的某次行動。
I like swimming , but I don't like to swim right now.
我喜歡游泳，但此刻不想游泳。
3. 只接動名詞，不接不定式作賓語的動詞有suggest, advice, finish, postpone, delay, imagine, require, admit, mind, pardon, excuse, avoid, risk, practice, escape, miss, allow, permit, consider, understand, enjoy, appreciate等。
They are considering risking escaping from the prison.
他們在考慮冒險越獄。
I felt deeply sorry for having missed listening to the concert.
我為錯過了聽音樂會深感遺憾。
4. 只接不定式，不接動名詞作賓語的動詞：
1）wish, hope expect, long, desire；
2）plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend, tend;
3）agree, consent, refuse, decline;
4）seek, ask, beg;
5）choose, decide, determine, promise;
6）manage, volunteer;
7）claim, fail;
8）dare, pretend
We decided to have a meeting this afternoon.
我們決定今天下午開個會。
He promised to buy me a present for my birthday.
他承諾給我買件生日禮物。
She pretended to be sleeping when I came in.
我進來時她假裝在睡覺。
5. 接有補語時，補語是名詞good, use, a waste of, 形容詞worth等時，用動名詞作賓語。
I don't think it worth trying to persuade him to come here in time every day.
我認為不值得試圖說服他每天按時來這里。
Do you consider it any good talking with him in class?
你認為課堂上與他交談有好處嗎？
6. begin, start在下列情況下通常用不定式。
1）謂語已經是進行時形式。
We are beginning to learn a second foreign language.
我們將要再學一門外語。
2）表示一種自然現象。
It began to rain at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
今天下午三點天開始下雨了。
3）后接心理活動的動詞。
I began to realize I was wrong.
我開始認識到我錯了。
專項練習
1. I like _______ very much, but I don't like _______ this morning.
A. swimming; swimming
B. to swim; to swim
C. swimming; to swim
D. to swim; swimming
2. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
3. —Did you close the door?
—Yes, I remember _______ it.
A. to close
B. to closing
C. closing
D. closed
4. Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.
A. putting back
B. having put back
C. to put back
D. will put back
5. I'm sorry I forgot _______ your dictionary. Let's borrow one from Li Ming.
A. to take
B. taking
C. to bring
D. bringing
6. Henry always forgets things he has done. Yesterday he forgot _______ and looked for it everywhere.
A. to post the letter
B. to have the letter posted
C. to have posted the letter
D. having posted the letter
7. My brother regretted _______ a lecture given by Professor Liu.
A. missing
B. to miss
C. missed
D. being missed
8. I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you a job.
A. informing
B. having informed
C. to inform
D. to informing
9. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _______ a break for an hour.
A. having
B. to have
C. taking
D. to taking
10. The teacher told the students to stop _______ to him.
A. to write and listen
B. writing and listening
C. to write and listening
D. writing and to listen
11. —What can we do to help Li Hai.
—All we can do is to try _______ that he ought to study more.
A. making him to realize
B. making him realize
C. to make him realize
D. to make him to realize
12. You didn't hear us come in last night. That's good. We tried _______ noisy.
A. to be not
B. not to be
C. not being
D. being not
13. He finished his homework, then he went on _______ a letter.
A. write
B. writing
C. with
D. to write
14. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _______.
A. to cut
B. to be cut it
C. cutting
D. being cut
15. —You've come just in time to help us.
—Fine, what needs _______?
A. I do
B. done
C. to be done
D. to do
16. You didn't need _______ him the news; it just made him sad.
A. telling
B. tell
C. to tell
D. that you would tell
17. These young trees require _______ carefully.
A. looking after
B. to look after
C. to be looked at
D. looking for
18. The sentence wants _______ once more.
A. to explain
B. explaining
C. being explained
D. to be explained it
19. He hasn't got used _______ in the countryside yet.
A. live
B. to live
C. to living
D. living
20. A very well-known person _______ in this house.
A. is used to live
B. used to live
C. is used to living
D. used to living
21. The clock was beginning _______ twelve and everybody held their breath.
A. strike
B. to strike
C. striking
D. struck
22. I begin _______ the meaning, which begins _______.
A. understanding; to be clear
B. to understand; to be clear
C. understanding; being clear
D. to understand; being clear
23. The police forbid _______ here.
A. park
B. parking
C. to park
D. to be parked
24. The heavy rain forbade me _______ to school.
A. from my coming
B. to come
C. come
D. my coming
25. Tom's parents do not allow Tom _______ swimming.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
D. goes
26. Sorry, we don't allow _______ in the lecture room.
A. to smoke
B. smoke
C. smoking
D. to smoking
27. Visitors are not permitted _______ the park after dark, because of the lack of lighting.
A. to enter
B. entering
C. to enter in
D. entering in
28. They don't permit _______ noise here.
A. to make
B. make
C. making
D. made
29. Missing the train means _______ for an hour.
A. to wait
B. to be waited
C. being waited
D. waiting
30. I meant _______ you, but I was so busy.
A. to call on
B. calling on
C. to call at
D. calling at
31. I would appreciate _______ back this afternoon.
A. you to call
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you're calling
32. She enjoys _______ light music.
A. to hear
B. hearing
C. listening to
D. to listen to
33. You can keep the book until you _______.
A. have finished reading
B. finish to read
C. will finish reading
D. have finished to read
34. Ali said that she wouldn't mind _______ alone at home.
A. left
B. being left
C. to be left
D. leaving
35. It was said that they were considering _______ from the prison at that time.
A. risking to escape
B. risking escaping
C. to risk escaping
D. to risk to escape
36. Our monitor suggested _______ a discussion of the subject.
A. to have
B. should have
C. have
D. having
37. We are considering _______ a new plan.
A. making
B. being made
C. to make
D. to have made
38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _______.
A. catching
B. to be caught
C. being caught
D. to catch
39. Can you imagine yourself _______ on a desert island?
A. staying
B. stay
C. have stayed
D. being stayed
40. We can understand why he avoids _______ to us.
A. to speak
B. speech
C. having spoken
D. speaking
41. Please excuse my _______ in without _______.
A. come; asking
B. coming; asking
C. to come; being asked
D. coming; being asked
42. Why have they delayed _______ the new school?
A. opening
B. to open
C. having opened
D. to have opened
43. She _______ the key.
A. admited taking
B. admitted taking
C. admitted having taken
D. admitted to have taken
44. I got to the station earlier than others. I couldn't risk _______ the train.
A. missing
B. would miss
C. to miss
D. missed
45. I hope _______ him as soon as possible.
A. see
B. seeing
C. to see
D. to have seen
46. I expected _______ your friend, but my car broke down on the way.
A. I'll meet
B. meeting
C. to meeting
D. to meet
47. We are planning _______ Europe this summer.
A. to pay a visit
B. pay a visit to
C. visiting
D. to visit
48. She told me that she had decided _______ again.
A. be not late
B. not be late
C. not to be late
D. to be not late
49. Almost everyone fails _______ on the first try.
A. in passing his driver's test
B. to pass his driver's test
C. to have passed his driver's test
D. passing his driver's test
50. The two weavers pretended _______ very hard, though they did nothing at the looms.
A. work
B. working
C. to be worked
D. to be working
51. When he got off the train, it happened _______.
A. to rain
B. to be raining
C. raining
D. to raining
52. I didn't _______ it until you had explained how.
A. manage to do
B. managed to do
C. manage to have done
D. manage doing
53. The young driver offered _______ the patient out of the car.
A. to hand
B. handing
C. hands
D. would hand
54. The white horse refused _______ the stone wall.
A. its jumping
B. to jump
C. jumping up
D. to jump at
55. They don't agree _______ more time on the subject, neither do I.
A. to spending
B. to spend
C. with spending
D. on spend
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