英語(yǔ)短文名人故事 哲學(xué)思想家 第33期:卡爾·馬克思

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15 Karl Marx 卡爾·馬克思

As a student in Bonn and Berlin, Marx was greatly influenced by the philosophy of Hegel. 在波恩和柏林求學(xué)時(shí)，馬克思極大地受到黑格爾哲學(xué)的影響。

While Marx was impressed with the Hegelian professors under whom he studied, he ultimately found himself attracted to a group of students known as the “Young Hegelians” . 他從師于一名研究黑格爾的教授，之后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一個(gè)稱作“年輕的黑格爾派”的學(xué)生組織所吸引。

Although Marx desired a career as an academic at the time, his political sympathies prevented him from receiving a position in the state-controlled university system. 盡管馬克思當(dāng)時(shí)渴望研究學(xué)問(wèn)，但他的政治態(tài)度使他不能從當(dāng)局控制的大學(xué)中求得一職，

Instead, Marx turned to journalism where his radical politics attracted the attention of Prussian censors. 因此馬克思轉(zhuǎn)向報(bào)紙，而他激進(jìn)的政治思想吸引了普魯士當(dāng)局的注意。

The publication for which he worked was shut down for its politically incorrect commentary, and the frustrated Marx traveled to Paris. 由于“不正確”的政治評(píng)論，他所在的出版社被關(guān)閉，沮喪的馬克思只好流浪到巴黎。

Paris in 1843 was an international center of social, political, and artistic activity and the gathering place of radicals and revolutionaries from all over Europe. 1843年的巴黎是社會(huì)活動(dòng)、政治活動(dòng)和藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的國(guó)際中心，也是來(lái)自全歐洲的激進(jìn)主義者和革命主義者聚集的地方。

In Paris Marx became involved with socialists and revolutionaries. 在巴黎，馬克思開(kāi)始參與社會(huì)主義者和革命者的活動(dòng)。

Most significantly, though, it was in Paris that Marx met Friedrich Engels, 最重要的是，在巴黎，馬克思遇到了恩格斯——

the son of a wealthy textile manufacturer in England who had become a socialist after observing the deplorable condition of workers in his father’s factories. 這位英格蘭富裕的紡織工廠主的兒子。恩格斯看到父親工廠里的工人可悲的生存條件，后來(lái)成為一名社會(huì)主義者。

Together, Marx and Engels began to develop the ideas which became Revolutionary Proletarian Socialism, or, as it is better known, Communism. 馬克思和恩格斯一起開(kāi)始發(fā)展自己的思想,后來(lái)成為無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)主義，即共產(chǎn)主義。

Eventually, Marx was exiled from France in 1845 at the behest of the Prussian government for antiroyalist writings. 因?yàn)榉磳?duì)皇室的文章，在普魯士政府的壓力下，1845年馬克思被法國(guó)當(dāng)局流放。

After leaving Paris, Marx traveled to Belgium where he became involved with a group of artisans. 離開(kāi)巴黎后，馬克思來(lái)到比利時(shí)，參與到一個(gè)手工業(yè)者的團(tuán)體中。

He attempted to assemble a ragtag group into a unified political organization, the German Working Men’s Association, which later became “The Communist League”. 馬克思想把這個(gè)松散雜亂的組織形成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的政治團(tuán)體——德國(guó)工人協(xié)會(huì)，后來(lái)成為共產(chǎn)主義者同盟。

In 1847 the Communist League commissioned Marx and Engels to pen a statement of their beliefs and aims. 1847年，共產(chǎn)主義者同盟委托馬克思和恩格斯起草一份有關(guān)同盟的目標(biāo)和信仰的綱領(lǐng)性文件，這份文件后來(lái)成為《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》。

This statement became the Communist Manifesto, which Marx zealously composed in anticipation the revolutions of 1848. 在宣言中，馬克思熱切地預(yù)言1848年革命。

When revolution did begin in Germany in 1848，Marx traveled to the Rhineland to encourage its progress. 當(dāng)1848年革命真的在德國(guó)展開(kāi)時(shí)，馬克思來(lái)到萊茵蘭，聲援革命。

When the revolution failed, Marx returned to Paris but soon left for London where he would remain for the rest of his life. 當(dāng)革命失敗后，馬克思回到巴黎，但很快就去了倫敦，直到去世。

Marx died in London in 1883，still awaiting the inevitable revolution which he had predicted. 1883年馬克思彌留之際，依然期待著他所預(yù)計(jì)的不可避免的革命的到來(lái)。