英語短文名人故事 哲學(xué)思想家 第29期:叔本華

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11 Schopenhauer 叔本華

Schopenhauer was the son of a wealthy merchant, Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer, and his wife, Johanna, who was a famous local writer. 叔本華出生在富有的商人之家，父親名叫海因里希·弗洛里斯·叔本華，母親約翰娜是當(dāng)?shù)匦∮忻麣獾淖骷摇?/p>

In 1793，when Danzig came under Prussian sovereignty, they moved to the free city of Hamburg. 1793年，格但斯克被普魯士占領(lǐng)，他們一家搬到了自由城市漢堡。

Arthur enjoyed a gentlemanly private education. 叔本華在漢堡受到了貴族式的私人教育，

He then attended a private business school, where he became acquainted with the spirit of the Enlightenment and was exposed to a Pietistic attitude sensitive to the plight of man. 然后他進(jìn)入一所私立商學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，在那里他接觸到啟蒙思想，也培養(yǎng)了自己對人類痛苦極其敏感的虔誠態(tài)度。

The World as Will and Representation was born during Schopenhauer's residence in Dresden. 《作為意志和表象的世界》這本著作是叔本華住在德累斯頓期間寫下的。

It was written in a non-academic style, with an ironic, aristocratic tone. 這本書的風(fēng)格是非學(xué)術(shù)性的，而是嘲諷的、貴族式的語氣。

Friedrich Nietzsche, who found a copy of The World as Will and Representation in a second-hand bookstore, did not put the book down until he had finished it. 尼采曾在一個二手書店里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本《作為意志和表象的世界》，他一口氣把它看完才放回書架上。

According to Schopenhauer, existence is the expression of an insatiable, pervasive will generating a terrible world of conflict and suffering, senselessness, and futility. 叔本華認(rèn)為，存在是一種無所不在，貪得無厭的意志的表象，這種意志產(chǎn)生了一個充滿矛盾、痛苦，沒有絲毫感情和意義的恐怖世界。

Very shortly, the world is a bad joke. The "will to live" perpetuates this cosmic spectacle. 簡單地說，這個世界就是個拙劣的玩笑。"生存的意志"使這世界世世代代運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)下去。

The goal of someone who sees through the illusions of life is the denial of this powerful will to live. 某些人想要看穿生命假象的目的否定了這種強(qiáng)烈的意志。

Love serves the reproductive interests of the species and sexual impulse, the most powerful motive in human existence. 愛情只是為物種的繁衍和性沖動服務(wù)，這是人類存在最強(qiáng)有力的動機(jī)。

At the beginning of 1820, Schopenhauer advertised a course of lectures to be given at the same time as Friedrich and Hegel's. 1820年初，叔本華建議開一堂課，恰巧這門課與費(fèi)希特和黑格爾的課是同時開的。

But when Hegel attracted more students the course did not proceed. 當(dāng)黑格爾吸引了更多學(xué)生的時候，叔本華的這門課就無法繼續(xù)進(jìn)行了。

The epidemic of cholera, during which Hegel died, drove him to Frankfurt. 后來,因?yàn)楹诟駹査烙诘哪菆龌魜y的流行，叔本華搬到了法蘭克福。

After that, he lived in relative isolation, preferring the company of dogs to people. 此后，他生活在一個相對隔絕的環(huán)境里，與人的陪伴相比，他更喜歡狗的陪伴。

Five-sixths of human beings are worth only contempt, he once wrote. 他曾經(jīng)寫道，六分之五的人只配得到輕蔑。

It was claimed that he once pushed a neighbor down a flight of stairs for disturbing him. 有人稱，他曾把鄰居推下樓梯，理由只是他受到了打擾。

As a result, the unlucky seamstress could not continue in his former profession. 結(jié)果，這個不幸的女裁縫再也不能繼續(xù)做她的工作了。

Shopenhauer died in Frankfurt of a heart attack on September 21, 1860. 叔本華于1860年9月21日在法蘭克福去世，死于心臟病突發(fā)。

Nearing his death he had said to Eduard Grisenbach: "If at times I have thought myself unfortunate, it is because of a confusion, an error. 他死前曾對格萊森和說："如果有時我認(rèn)為自己不幸的話，那是因?yàn)橐粋€困惑，一個錯誤。

I have mistaken myself for someone else... Who am I really?..." 我已經(jīng)錯誤地把自己當(dāng)成了別人…我究竟是誰呢？…"