金融時(shí)報(bào):經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家應(yīng)向TBBT學(xué)什么

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家應(yīng)向TBBT學(xué)什么

《生活大爆炸》中擁有頂尖頭腦的科學(xué)家們能理解宇宙的奧秘，卻搞不明白平凡人的日常生活。而生活在全世界最富裕國(guó)家的美國(guó)人，能在工作中賺取財(cái)富，卻在工作外的休閑時(shí)間不知所措。財(cái)富的意義到底是什么？不僅美國(guó)人需要思考，正在趕超美國(guó)的中國(guó)也應(yīng)該問問自己這個(gè)根本的問題。

測(cè)試中可能遇到的詞匯和知識(shí)：

opulent富足的

mesmerizing令人目瞪口呆的

altruism利他主義

grind苦工

sitcom情景劇

gamboling活蹦亂跳的

Economists have a lot to learn from ‘The Big Bang Theory'(723 words)

By Bilal Hafeez July 21, 2014 6:10 pm America is rich but free time is scarce, writes Bilal Hafeez

The 300m or so people who were alive 2,000 years ago are each reckoned to have had access to goods and services worth, on average, about $800 a year in today's prices. It was not an opulent lifestyle but, for the first millennials, making money was not an all-consuming concern.

In the east Buddhism taught the virtues of renouncing worldly things and earning a livelihood without doing harm, the so-called Noble Eightfold Path. Hinduism taught that artha (the pursuit of material advantage) must take second place to dharma (morality), which included charity and compassion. Confucian ethics promoted ren (humaneness), a form of altruism.

Such ideas still find expression in some quarters – even in the US, where the average income now stands at $53,000 a year. But, by and large, they live on as empty words. Modern men and women have found a common philosophy. It is revealed in the way they act, and its central tenet is that more money is better than less. Apple founder Steve Jobs may have been a Zen Buddhist but that did not stop him from amassing worldly possessions with an estimated worth of about $11bn by the time of his death in 2011.

Such materialism is perhaps to be expected in an era that glorifies whatever can be quantified. More than that, it reflects an economic orthodoxy that sees income as the key to increasing “utility”, or satisfaction. That gives intellectual support to the idea that making money is one of life's deepest purposes.

The US is remarkably good at amassing material wealth, and much of the rest of the world wants to catch up. Emerging markets such as China and India are making particularly zealous efforts. But economic statistics can hide as much as they reveal, and those who wish to copy the American dream should first try to picture it more vividly.

The typical US job is in retail, either as a cashier or a middle manager. Only three in five workers can take paid leave, and those who do generally take about eight days a year away from the grind. These are the lucky ones; if you include the prison population in the potential labour force, the US unemployment rate – although low by international standards – looks less impressive. This exacts a huge economic toll. Keeping America's 2.2m prisoners costs double what is given out in unemployment benefits to the 2.7m people who receive them.

The average American sleeps for eight hours, works for eight hours and spends about three hours doing chores – cleaning, shopping, lookingafter children. The remaining four hours are devoted to leisure. Sometimes this involves exercise, socialising and reading. But mainly it involves sitting quietly in front of a television. The shows that Americans watch on those mesmerising rectangles bear little trace of the past millennia of human progress. Last year's most popular show, NCIS, is about a grumpy man who always carries the day for his colleagues in the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. The next biggest audience was for screenings of American football, a game in which big men in elaborately padded outfits chase an elongated ball. Then there was The Big Bang Theory, a sitcom about elite scientists who can wrap their minds around the deepest secrets of the universe but are baffled by the simplest routines of life on earth. Also popular were a glorified karaoke show, American Idol, and the amateurish gambolling display of Dancing With the Stars.

Modern man, Homo Sapiens Sapiens, first emerged about 200,000 years ago. Since then we have created majestic art, architecture and literature. Philosophies and religions have flourished and taught us different ways to live. Advances in technology allow us to see deep into space and to split the atom. We have learnt to heal our sickened bodies. We have explored places where our ancestors never dreamt men or women could tread. All of this has culminated in modern America. It is the richest civilisation that has ever existed, yet one in which free time is both scarce and difficult to fill. The financial crisis has shown their way of life to be more fragile than once thought. That is a valuable lesson. But Americans should also ask some fundamental questions about the worth of their wealth – and their would-be emulators should be careful what they wish for.

The writer is managing director and global head of foreign exchange research at Deutsche Bank

請(qǐng)根據(jù)你所讀到的文章內(nèi)容，完成以下自測(cè)題目：

1.Who, as a Buddhist, spared no efforts to make huge amounts of money?

A.Steve Jobs

B.Azim Premji

C.Bill Gates

答案(1)

2.According to the author, what depicts the typical American lifestyle?

A.The typical US job is in retail, and almost every worker can take paid leave.

B.The average American works for eight hours and devotes another eight hours to leisure.

C.Americans are rich, but their free time is scarce.

答案(2)

3.What does the author mean by “those who wish to copy the American dream should first try to picture it more vividly”?

A.China and India haven't pictured the American dream vividly enough.

B.China and India won't understand the essence of the American dream.

C.The American dream may not be as wonderful as many think.

答案(3)

4.What can be inferred from the article?

A.The writer is critical of the American dream.

B.He loves watching the popular show NCIS.

C.He extolls the materialism in the American society.

答案(4)

* * *

(1)答案：A.Steve Jobs

解釋：文章第3段提及，雖然喬布斯似乎是佛教徒，但這并未阻止他追求現(xiàn)世的巨大財(cái)富。

(2)答案：C.Americans are rich, but their free time is scarce.

解釋：前兩項(xiàng)答案分別在第6段和第7段可找到出處，在美國(guó)大部分人不能帶薪休假，八小時(shí)工作之外的休閑時(shí)間只有四小時(shí)，在全文末端作者點(diǎn)題，美國(guó)人富有，但屬于自己的時(shí)間很少，也不大清楚如何花自己的時(shí)間。

(3)答案：C.The American dream may not be as wonderful as many think.

解釋：本句話在第5段末尾，從此后的兩段可看出作者所指的“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”實(shí)質(zhì)是什么：典型的美國(guó)工作在零售業(yè)、沒有多少人擁有帶薪假期、人們?cè)谛蓍e時(shí)間里過得乏味無聊。

(4)答案：A.The writer is critical of the American dream.

解釋：從全文主旨可推知，作者對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)和其宣揚(yáng)的物質(zhì)主義并非一味贊美的態(tài)度。倒數(shù)第二段提及了在美國(guó)流行的劇集，從作者的用詞和語氣可推知他并不是NCIS的粉絲，而是對(duì)大部分美國(guó)人的休閑活動(dòng)只有看電視感到失望。