為咖啡致癌平反
為咖啡致癌平反
全球咖啡愛好者可以放心了，世界衛(wèi)生組織6月最新的評估報(bào)告修正了過去關(guān)于咖啡致癌的警告——致癌的不是咖啡，而是過熱的溫度。
測試中可能遇到的詞匯和知識：
brew 釀酒；啤酒[bru?]
affiliated 附屬的；有關(guān)連的[?'f?l?e?t?d]
oesophageal [解剖] 食管的[i:,s?f?'d?i:?l]
outrage 憤慨；暴行；侮辱['a?tre?d?]
carcinogen 致癌物質(zhì)[kɑ?'s?n?d?(?)n]
bladder cancer 膀胱癌
antioxidant [助劑] 抗氧化劑[?nt?'?ks?d(?)nt]
reclassification 重新分類；再次分級[ri:,kl?sifi'kei??n]
pancreas [解剖] 胰腺['p??kr??s]
uterus [解剖] 子宮['ju?t(?)r?s]
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0分47秒 母語為英語的速讀高手 1000
Scientists backtrack on coffee cancer claims（478words）
By Scheherazade Daneshkhu, Consumer Industries Editor
-----------------------------------------------------
Coffee drinkers can relax — just as long as they do not drink their brew while it is very hot.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has said that there is no evidence that coffee causes cancer and that the drink may even help protect against some types of the disease, in a reversal of its previous stance.
However, in an assessment released on Wednesday, the UN-affiliated agency warned against drinking “very hot” beverages of any kind — defined as those with temperatures above 65 degrees centigrade.
Christopher Wild, director of the Lyon-based IARC, said: “Drinking very hot beverages is one probable cause of oesophageal cancer and it is the temperature, rather than the drinks themselves, that appears to be responsible.”
The IARC caused outrage in the meat industry last year by saying that processed meat was a carcinogen. The agency’s earlier classification of coffee in 1991 stated that the drink was “possibly” carcinogenic and could increase the risk of bladder cancer. There have since been numerous studies contradicting that conclusion.
The IARC said its current assessment was based on 1,000 studies, which was a much larger review-base than was available to it in 1991.
The agency said on Wednesday that drinking coffee “exhibited strong antioxidant effects” and had no carcinogenic effects for cancers of the pancreas, breast and prostate. It added that the beverage reduced the risk of liver cancer and a cancer in the lining of the uterus.
For more than 20 other cancers, there was not enough evidence to draw a conclusion. Nestlé, the world’s biggest coffee producer, which owns Nescafe and Nespresso, said it welcomed the reclassification.
The National Coffee Association, representing the US coffee industry, said the IARC’s latest assessment “confirms evidence from an avalanche of studies by highly respected and independent scientists.”
Bill Murray, president of the association said: “Separate analysis, from Harvard University among others, suggests that coffee drinkers live longer than non-coffee drinkers.”
“This amazing beverage may actually help lower the risk of many different cancers and drinking between one and five cups a day is associated with lower rates of heart disease, neurological disorders and liver disease.”
However, the IARC said it could not prove that coffee was “safe”. It could only conclude that existing scientific data supported the theory that coffee was unlikely to cause certain cancers. The studies it reviewed did not distinguish between different kinds of coffee or ways of preparing it, so it was not possible to conclude whether any type was healthier than others.
Drinking beverages at scalding temperatures can create tumours, according to the agency. A “biological plausibility exists for an association between very hot beverages and cell injury,” the IARC said.
Oesophageal cancer is the eighth most common type in the world, accounting for 5 per cent of cancer deaths worldwide. The proportion triggered by very hot beverages is not known.
請根據(jù)你所讀到的文章內(nèi)容，完成以下自測題目：
1. What kind of beverages above 65 degrees centigrade may cause cancer?
A. coffee
B. tea
C. wine
D. any kind
2. What kind of cancers could be caused by very hot beverages from IARC?
A. bladder cancer
B. stomach cancer
C. oesophageal cancer
D. oral cancer
3. What was a carcinogen in the meat industry as IARC said?
A. raw meat
B. fried meat
C. processed meat
D. pork braised in brown sauce
4. How many cups of coffee are advocated within a day by the president Bill?
A. none
B. under 5 cups
C. more than 5 cups
D. unlimited just with milk
[1] 答案 D. any kind
解釋：65攝氏度以上的飲品都容易致癌。
[2] 答案 C. oesophageal cancer
解釋：oral cancer是口腔癌，過熱的飲品容易導(dǎo)致食道癌。
[3] 答案 C. processed meat
解釋：去年，市衛(wèi)組織表示加工肉為一級致癌物，這一言論激怒了相關(guān)行業(yè)。
[4] 答案 B. under 5 cups
解釋：Bill表示，一天喝1到5杯的咖啡可以減少罹患一些種類癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
