未來誰是職場(chǎng)搶手人才

未來誰是職場(chǎng)搶手人才

美國學(xué)者格斯特林表示，5年內(nèi)所有軟件應(yīng)用都將內(nèi)置智能，這樣一來，誰會(huì)成為市場(chǎng)上炙手可熱的關(guān)鍵人才？

測(cè)試中可能遇到的詞匯和知識(shí)：

mint 鑄造，鑄幣[m?nt]

inbuilt 內(nèi)置的；內(nèi)藏的；嵌入的['?nb?lt]

ubiquity 普遍存在；到處存在[ju?'b?kw?t?]

analogue 類似情況；對(duì)等的人['?n?l?g]

wholesale 批發(fā)的；大規(guī)模的['h??lse?l]

truism 眾所周知；真實(shí)性['tru??z(?)m]

閱讀馬上開始，建議您計(jì)算一下閱讀整篇文章所用的時(shí)間，對(duì)照下方的參考值就可以評(píng)估出您的英文閱讀水平。

如果您讀完全文用時(shí)為： 那么，您的閱讀速度相當(dāng)于 每分鐘閱讀的英文單詞數(shù)

4分8秒 母語為英語者的朗讀速度 140

2分33秒 母語為英語的中學(xué)生的閱讀速度 250

1分15秒 母語為英語的大學(xué)生的閱讀速度 350

0分8秒 母語為英語的速讀高手 1000

Data scientists at forefront of changes in technology businesses （684words）

By Richard Waters

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For a field supposedly starved of talent, data science seems to have been minting a lot of new experts in a hurry.

The depth of interest was on display this week in San Francisco, where 1,600 people turned up for a data science summit organised by Turi, a company run by University of Washington machine learning professor Carlos Guestrin.

Mr Guestrin argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists — people trained to analyse large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. Whether or not he is right about the coming ubiquity, there is already a core of critical applications that depend on machine learning, led by recommendation programmes, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behaviour.

The adaptation of what was until recently the preserve of research scientists into production-grade business applications could point to a profound change in corporate competitiveness. The companies showing off their skills in data science and machine learning at the Turi event — including Uber, Pinterest and Quora — were all born in the digital era.

Some companies that grew up in the analogue world, such as Walmart, are also investing massively in this field, says Anthony Goldbloom, chief executive of Kaggle, a company that runs online data science competitions. But he predicts that they are unlikely ever to catch up with Amazon and its ilk, which have a head start and are moving fast. Repeated across different sectors, that could point to wholesale change in industry leadership as intelligent systems take a more central role.

One factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single application — its movie recommendation system — and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account, says a person familiar with its applications.

Many companies that were born digital — particularly internet outfits that have a deluge of real-time customer interactions to mine — are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to tackle their business problems, says Jure Leskovec, its chief scientist.

Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Despite the surging ranks of data scientists, some skills are in very short supply, particularly in deep learning — the most advanced form of machine learning. Of the freelance computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that big companies are often reluctant to bend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field, even if the algorithms developed by a single high-paid expert can have a disproportionately large effect on their business.

The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. But they will have to push their new data scientists and machine-learning experts out into operating divisions and bring them closer to line managers to reap the full benefits.

This confluence, between the science and the business practice is critical. It has become a truism to say that all managers will need to let their decision-making be led by the data from now on. But that requires a complete change in mindset that is easier said than done. The challenge is made even harder, says Mr Goldbloom, by the fact that managers are required to redesign their work processes around the new “smart” applications, in ways that effectively design themselves partly out of a job.

Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science and machine learning at their core, are likely to represent serious competition.

請(qǐng)根據(jù)你所讀到的文章內(nèi)容，完成以下自測(cè)題目：

1. What will be needed in the software applications within five years as mentioned?

A. inbuilt intelligence

B. big data

C. linguistics

D. virtual reality

2. What are most recommendation programmes and fraud detection systems depended on now?

A. linguistics

B. manual labour

C. machine learning

D. positioning system

3. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?

A. technological problem

B. difference of opinion

C. high cost

D. talent crisis

4. What is the biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications?

A. money

B. cultural

C. time

D. talent

[1] 答案 A. inbuilt intelligence

解釋：文章提到所有軟件應(yīng)用在5年內(nèi)都將需要內(nèi)置的智能，從而使數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家——經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)，能夠?qū)Ａ繑?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析的人員——成為這一新興“認(rèn)知”技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的關(guān)鍵工作者。

[2] 答案 D. positioning system

解釋：目前已有一些核心的關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用依賴機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)，最主要的是推薦程序、欺詐探測(cè)系統(tǒng)、預(yù)報(bào)工具和旨在預(yù)測(cè)顧客行為的應(yīng)用。

[3] 答案 C. high cost

解釋：拖累許多傳統(tǒng)公司的一個(gè)因素，是開展真正的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)作的高成本。

[4] 答案 B. cultural

解釋：適應(yīng)即將到來的“智能”應(yīng)用時(shí)代的最大障礙，可能是文化上的。