印度一些主要為穆斯林居住的州實(shí)施牛肉禁令,引起了巨大的社會(huì)反響。一些法官認(rèn)為牛肉的買賣嚴(yán)重地影響了當(dāng)?shù)厝说淖诮糖榫w,督促當(dāng)局嚴(yán)格實(shí)施禁牛肉法令。然而社會(huì)各界卻有不同意見,一些人認(rèn)為禁牛令侵犯了他們遵循飲食習(xí)慣的自由。
測試中可能遇到的詞匯和知識(shí):
slaughter 屠殺
enforcement 實(shí)施
enthusiastic 狂熱的
separatist insurgency 分裂分子的暴亂
religious sentiments 宗教情感
By Amy Kazmin in New Delhi
Authorities in India's only Muslim-majority state,Jammu and Kashmir,have been ordered to enforce a 150-year-old beef ban — the latest step in a campaign by Hindu nationalists to stop the slaughter of cows that they revere as deities.
Acting on a public interest litigation brought by a Hindu lawyer,the Jammu and Kashmir High Court instructed law enforcement officials to “strictly enforce” an 1862 ban on slaughtering cows,which had been imposed by the then maharaja,a Hindu.
Kashmir's Muslim population are enthusiastic meat eaters,although the most popular meats — and those prepared for festivals — are lamb and chicken. But beef is eaten by poor families who cannot always afford more expensive meats.
In recent decades,Kashmir's law enforcement agencies have been focused on battling a violent separatist insurgency and social unrest by Kashmiri Muslims,and paid little heed to a beef ban buried in the statute books.
But the two Hindu judges of the high court urged the police chief to take firm action against the slaughter and sale of beef after a petition that said such practices “severely affected religious sentiments” of the state's Hindu minority.
“Kashmiris are lamb eaters not beef eaters,but the ban is provocative,” said Basharat Peer,author of Curfewed Nights,a celebrated memoir about growing up at the height of the Kashmiri separatist insurgency.
“It is just another effort to promote cultural hegemony of the Hindu nationalists. It's none of their business what we eat.”
The decision to enforce Kashmir's beef ban comes amid growing public fears that Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party is imposing the dietary restrictions of some of India's religious faiths on the entire population — ostensibly out of respect for “religious sentiments”.
In March,the BJP government in the state of Maharashtra introduced a draconian ban on the sale and consumption of beef,which Christians and Muslims said was a clear violation of their right to follow their own dietary traditions and habits.
Mumbai is also in the midst of a public furore over a four-day ban on the sale of any meat in the city — and in the entire state of Rajasthan — during a festival of India's Jain community,a minority who are strict vegetarians.
“It isn't about meat. It isn't about religion. It is about using state power to impose your preferences on another in a free country,” Chetan Bhagat,the best-selling Indian author told his 5.6m Twitter followers,commenting on the Mumbai ban. “The state,government and laws in a democracy are designed to protect people's freedom not take it away.”
About 30 per cent of Indians are vegetarians but many believe they are on a spiritually higher plane than their meat-eating compatriots and often try to promote vegetarianism in public life.
In the state of Madhya Pradesh,for example,Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan,a member of the BJP,has opposed proposals to provide regular eggs to poor children as part of a state programme to battle malnutrition.
1.Why beef is eaten by poor families in Kashmir?
A.They have different appetite
B.They raise cattle
C.Beef is more delicious
D.They cant afford more expensive meat
[1] 答案
2.Why Kashmir's law enforcement agencies pay little attention to beef ban?
A.They don't want to ban beef strictly
B.They focus on the separatist insurgency and social unrest
C.They just forgot it
D.They are opposed by the public
[2] 答案
3.What is Christians and Muslims' attitude toward the draconian ban of beef in the state of Maharashtra?
A.They support it due to religious sentiment
B.They regard it violates their right and habits
C.It is not influential at all
D.They agree that they benefited from it
[3] 答案
4.Chetan Bhagat is the best-selling Indian author. What is his comment on beef ban?
A.Government and laws should protect people's freedom
B.It is hard to implement
C.Public should follow it strictly
D.It respects to religion
[4] 答案
[1]答案:D.They cant afford more expensive meat
解釋:第三段最后一句,窮人吃不起更貴的肉類所以吃牛肉。
[2]答案:B.They focus on the separatist insurgency and social unrest
解釋:第四段,講Kashmir的執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)把重心放在了分裂分子的暴亂和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩上。
[3]答案:B.They regard it violates their right and habits
解釋:倒數(shù)第五段,他們認(rèn)為對牛肉的禁止侵犯了他們的權(quán)利——遵循他們傳統(tǒng)的飲食習(xí)慣。
[4]答案:A.Government and laws should protect people's freedom
解釋:倒數(shù)第三段,這個(gè)作家說,你不能把個(gè)人喜好強(qiáng)加給別人,特別是在這個(gè)自由的國度。政府應(yīng)該保護(hù)人們的自由而不是取走他們。