第20章 謂 語 20.4 主語和謂語的一致
20.4 主語和謂語的一致
20.4.1 主語和謂語應在數(shù)上一致
1) 主語和謂語必須在數(shù)上一致，即復數(shù)主語須用復數(shù)謂語，單數(shù)主語須用單數(shù)謂語，不受修飾語的影響：
The results of the research are to be published soon. 研究成果不久將發(fā)表。
The theory advanced by these scientists is quite convincing. 這些科學家提出的理論相當有說服力。
What are his views on this subject? 他對這問題持什么觀點？
The suggestion put forward by the girls has been accepted. 姑娘們提的建議被接受了。
2) 如果主語是一個抽象概念，一般都用單數(shù)謂語：
Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health. 吸煙危害健康。
Training astronauts is not an easy task. 訓練宇航員不是一件容易的工作。
That she should oppose these ideas is quite natural. 她反對這些意見是很自然的。
Senior citizens means people over sixty.“年長公？”指六十歲以上的人。
3) 當主語是and連接的兩個名詞時，在指一樣東西時用單數(shù)謂語，若指兩樣東西，則需用復數(shù)謂語：
Iron and steel industry plays an important role in our national economy. 鋼鐵工業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中起著重要作用。
The food and textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.食品工業(yè)和紡織工業(yè)主要依靠農(nóng)業(yè)提供原料。
To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗也比不嘗試好。
To mean to do something and to actually do it are two different things. 打算做某事和真正去做完全是兩回事。
4) 如果主語是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有with，together with，as well as，except這類詞引導的短語，謂語仍用單數(shù)形式，因為這種短語多為修飾語：
An iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, is being built in that city. 在那個城市正在修建一座鋼鐵廠和幾家衛(wèi)星工廠。
John, together with his wife, was at the party. 約翰和他的妻子參加了晚會。
Lily as well as Helen was in mourning. 莉莉和海倫都在帶孝。
Everybody except Tim speaks some Chinese. 除了蒂姆每人都能講點漢語。
No one but myself knows anything about it. 除了我沒有人知道此事。
20.4.2 某些代詞作主語時的謂語
1) each和some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的代詞作主語時，謂語都用單數(shù)形式：
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 兩個小伙子進來了，每人提著一個箱子。
Somebody wants to see you, sir. 有人要見你，先生。
Is there anything I can do for you? 我能幫你做什么嗎？
There's really nothing to be said. 真的沒什么話可說。
Everybody was glad to see her back. 看見她回來大家都很高興。
2) both，some，many，few，all（of them）后的謂語多用復數(shù)形式：
Both (of them) are English. 兩個都是英國人。
Many are for going by plane. 許多人都贊成坐飛機去。
Some (of them) are still out of work. （我們）有些人依然失業(yè)。
Few of my friends like Sheila. 我的朋友中沒什么人喜歡希拉。
All present are against the idea. 所有在場的人都反對這個主意。
代表不可數(shù)東西的代詞則跟單數(shù)謂語：
So all is going well. 因此一切都進展順利。
Every little helps. （諺）點點滴滴都有用。
Some of the milk has gone sour. 有部分牛奶酸掉了。
3) 有些代詞可跟單數(shù)謂語，也可跟復數(shù)謂語，根據(jù)意思來決定：
在個別情況下用單復數(shù)謂語都可以：
Is (Are) there any left? 還剩一些（幾個）嗎？
Neither of the days is (are) suitable. 兩個日子都不合適。
None of the telephones is (are) working. 沒有一部電話是好的。
20.4.3 一些集體名詞作主語的情況
1) 有些集體名詞都指復數(shù)的人或動物，后面都用復數(shù)謂語；
The police are going to question him. 警察將審訊他。
The media are covering the presidential election thoroughly. 傳媒在詳細報導總統(tǒng)選舉。
Cattle are allowed to graze on the village common. 牛群被允許到村子的公有草地上放牧。
Most bacteria grow best in slightly acid medium. 多數(shù)細菌在微酸性的介質(zhì)中生長最好。
2) 有些集體名詞可跟單數(shù)謂語，也可跟復數(shù)謂語，視作整體時跟單數(shù)謂語，著重于所包含的成員時，則可跟復數(shù)謂語：
有些集體名詞后面的謂語用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以：
The enemy is (are) retreating. 敵軍正在后撤。
The school's teaching staff is (are) excellent. 這所學校教師素質(zhì)很好。
The jury is (are) about to announce the winner. 裁判團即將宣布優(yōu)勝者名單。
The data is (are) correct. 這些數(shù)據(jù)是正確的。
3) 有些集體名詞通常跟單數(shù)謂語：
The Opposition was quick to reply to the charge. 反對黨迅速對指控作出反應。
The entire community is behind the appeal. 整個社區(qū)都支持這項呼吁。
The local press there is full of lies. 那里的地方報刊充滿謊言。
The play's cast was given a standing ovation. 劇組演員受到觀眾起立鼓掌。
20.4.4 某些名詞作主語時的情況
1) 有些名詞，隨著意思的不同，有時跟單數(shù)謂語，有時跟復數(shù)謂語：
2) 有些單復同形的名詞要根據(jù)意思決定謂語的形式：
3) 一些以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，后面謂語也都作單數(shù)：
Phonetics is a required subject in our department. 語音學是我們系的一門必修課。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular. 打臺球越來越流行。
Measles is a contagious disease. 麻疹是一種傳染病。
A crossroad is a place where two roads meet and cross. 十字路口是兩條路交叉的地方。
Mathematics is a subject studied nearly in every school. 數(shù)學是幾乎每個學校都學的課程。
也有些以-s結(jié)尾的詞后面可跟單數(shù)或復數(shù)謂語：
Mumps are (is) fairly rare in adults. 成年人患腮腺炎的相當少。
Mathematics is (are) well taught in our school. 我們學校數(shù)學教得很好。
Their headquarters are (is) in New York. 他們的總部在紐約。
