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WHITE HOUSE / CAPITOL HILL — President Donald Trump has declared a national emergency, bypassing Congress to build a wall along the southern U.S. border, and setting up a legal challenge that could help determine the limits of U.S. presidential power.

Warning against what he called "gang monsters" and an "invasion" of drugs and crime, Trump said the emergency declaration was a "great thing to do."

At one point, Trump mentioned "monstrous caravans," an apparent reference to the repeated groups of Central American migrants that have attempted to reach the U.S. during his presidency.

"We are talking about an invasion of our country," Trump said. "With drugs and human traffickers and all types of criminals and gangs."

?Trump's attempt to plow ahead with a wall, his main campaign promise, is likely to please the president's conservative political base. But it also intensifies accusations Trump is abusing his emergency powers.

Budget battle

Trump signed a bill funding the federal government later in the afternoon Friday. Congress reached the compromise bill in an attempt to end the partisan deadlock that had led to a recent 35-day partial government shutdown.

The funding legislation gives Trump only $1.4 billion for a barrier along just 90 kilometers of the border — much less than the $5.7 billion he wanted to begin building 322 kilometers of wall.

Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen M. Nielsen said in a statement Friday the bill provides critical funding for border security but added, "It gets nowhere close to completely solving the serious humanitarian and security crisis at our southern border. Time and again, Congress has failed to fully fund DHS to confront this situation and to handle the influx of aliens, drugs, and other illicit traffic into our country. That is why I strongly support the President's decision to unlock additional funding for physical barriers."

Declaring a national emergency gives Trump the authority to move money from elsewhere in the federal budget, including funds for the U.S. military, and use it for a wall. In total, the White House will find roughly $8 billion to build the wall, White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney said.

Senator Brian Schatz, a senior Democratic appropriator, said the money for the wall simply wasn't available in the military budget.

"The Military Construction funding process is rigorous," Schatz tweeted. "Whether it's dry docks or clinics or hangers or runways, there is not 3.5B to remove without dire consequences."

Legal, political challenges

While Trump's decision ends the current battle over the budget, it potentially opens the door to much trickier legal challenges, which could delay wall construction for years.

Trump seemed to acknowledge that reality Friday.

"Sadly, we'll be sued. Sadly, it will go through a process. And happily we'll win," Trump said. "I hope."

Trump's wall also faces a tough road politically.

In a statement, Democratic House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer vowed that Congress "cannot let the President shred the Constitution."

"The President's unlawful declaration over a crisis that does not exist does great violence to our Constitution and makes America less safe, stealing from urgently needed defense funds for the security of our military and our nation," the statement read.

"This is plainly a power grab by a disappointed President, who has gone outside the bounds of the law to try to get what he failed to achieve in the constitutional legislative process," it added.

The president contends there is a crisis along the U.S.-Mexican border. He says only a wall can stop illegal immigration and crime, drugs and violent gangs.

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, "President Trump's decision to announce emergency action is the predictable and understandable consequence of Democrats' decision to put partisan obstruction ahead of the national interest."

Democrats say a wall would be ineffective against illegal immigration and expensive. Above all, many say there is no emergency at the border, accusing Trump of manufacturing a crisis.

House Democratic lawmakers Joaquin Castro from Texas and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez from New York already have announced plans to introduce legislation to overturn Trump's decision. While that legislation would likely pass the Democrat-controlled House of Representatives, it would force a difficult choice on lawmakers in the Republican-controlled U.S. Senate, where many senators from the president's own party have expressed uneasiness about his move.

But Rep. Mark Meadows, chairman of the conservative House Freedom Caucus, tweeted during the president's press conference, "Given Congress will try to block this executive action, I'm seeing speculation Congress could override a POTUS veto w/ GOP votes. They will not. The votes will not be there. There is broad GOP + American support for POTUS taking legal, constitutional action to protect families."

A January poll from Quinnipiac University suggested that two-thirds of Americans are opposed to such an emergency declaration.

Bad precedent?

There are concerns Trump's decision will set a precedent for future U.S. presidents to bypass Congress using national emergency declarations. According to the Constitution, Congress has the "power of the purse" — to tax and spend money for the federal government.

"If this is deemed to be a national emergency that it opens the door for all kinds of things to be deemed national emergencies just given the policy preferences of a president," said Paul Schiff Berman, a law professor at George Washington University.

"You could say that global warming is a national emergency. You could say that lack of affordable health care is a national emergency. You could say that homelessness is a national emergency. And all of them are at least as plausible, if not more plausible, than the need to build a security wall," he said.

California Governor Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, announced his state planned to file a lawsuit against the president for declaring the emergency.

"The president's overreach has been extensive on any number of occasions and we have shot them down on any number of occasions," Newsom said in a press conference Friday. "This is another example of the president exploiting a serious law."

Presidents in both major U.S. political parties have increasingly used unilateral executive power to push through their policies. But this appears to be the first time a U.S. president has used congressionally mandated emergency powers to force through such a politically divisive policy.

Carla Babb, Jeff Seldin and Fern Robinson contributed to this report.