專(zhuān)四晨讀美文：Of Studies

Of Studies
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring;
for ornament, is in discourse;
and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
Read not to contradict and confute;
nor to believe and take for granted;
nor to find talk and discourse;
but to weigh and consider.
Some books are to be tasted,
others to be swallowed,
and some few to be chewed and digested;
that is, some books are to be read only in parts;
others to be read, but not curiously;
and some few to be read wholly,
and with diligence and attention.
Some books also may be read by deputy,
and extracts made of them by others;
but that would be only in the less important arguments,
and the meaner sort of books;
else distilled books are,
like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading maketh a full man;
conference a ready man;
and writing an exact man.
And therefore, if a man write little,
he had need have a great memory;
if he confer little, he had need have a present wit;
and if he read little,
he had need have much cunning,
to seem to know that he doth not.
Histories make men wise; poets witty;
the mathematics subtile;
natural philosophy deep; moral grave;
logic and rhetoric able to contend.
Abeunt studia in mores.
Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit,
but may be wrought out by fit studies:
like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.
Bowling is good for the stone and reins;
shooting for the lungs and breast;
gentle walking for the stomach;
riding for the head; and the like.
So if a man's wit be wandering,
let him study the mathematics;
for in demonstrations,
if his wit be called away never so little,
he must begin again.
If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,
let him study the schoolmen;
for they are cymini sectores.
If he be not apt to beat over matters,
and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,
let him study the lawyers' cases.
So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.