雙語+MP3|美國學(xué)生藝術(shù)史91 現(xiàn)代雕刻

  
最后兩章沒有提到的事實是：當(dāng)今世界幾乎所有的國家都有優(yōu)秀的畫家。因此，無論走到哪里，都應(yīng)該去參觀值得欣賞的繪畫作品。  
91 MODERN SCULPTURE現(xiàn)代雕刻 
  
MODERN sculpture can be non-realistic just as painting can, Non-realistic sculpture gives the idea, the thought, the impression of something. The sculptor doesn’t try to make an exact copy of something he sees.  
If you will look at the picture called “Bird in Space” you will see an example of non-realistic sculpture. You can see that it doesn’t look like a bird. But it does give the idea of flight. The flight of a bird depends upon wings and this sculpture seems to be all wing. At least most people think it looks wing-like. It is a smooth streamlined wing shape. Constantin Brancusi, its sculptor, carved into it no feathers, no body, no head or tail of a bird. Some people think that a piece of sculpture called a bird should look like a bird. In this sculpture, however, the flight of a bird, not the bird itself, is the important idea.  
Non-realistic sculpture is a twentieth century kind of sculpture. Brancusi was one of the first to develop this style. He was born in Romania and studied art there as a young man. Then he went to Paris and worked in the studio of the great French sculptor Auguste Rodin. At first his sculpture was realistic like Rodin’s. But he became interested in non-realistic sculpture and soon stopped making realistic statues.  
Brancusi not only made new forms of sculpture but he tried using many different materials. He made sculptures in wood, bronze, marble, stone, glass, and steel. “Bird in Space” is his best-known work.  
The sculpture called “Girl Washing Her Hair” is by Hugo Robus, an American born in Cleveland. It is much more realistic than Brancusi’s “Bird in Space.” It isn’t, however, very realistic. It isn’t a portrait. It has no eyes, nose, or mouth to show which girl this is. It’s any girl. What she is doing is more important than who she is. The sculptor didn’t need to show us a whole person to let us see that hairwashing is being done. If anything else were added (like a nose or mouth or feet) it would not make the idea of hairwashing any clearer.  
  
No.91-1　BIRD IN SPACE（《空中的鳥》）   
BRANCUSI（布朗庫西制）  
Collection the Museum of Modern Art,   
New York  
  
No.91-2　GIRL WASHING HER HAIR （《洗頭發(fā)的少女》） ROBUS （羅布斯　制）  
Collection the Museum of Modern Art, New York  
It’s fun to find a piece of sculpture that is not too dignified and serious. Most sculpture has been, in the past, very dignified and very serious. There are the busts of powerful men like the Roman emperors, statues of Greek gods and of heroes on horseback and of Christian saints. There are imaginary figures called Victory, or Liberty, or Justice. These are all very solemn and impressive statues, as if the sculptors didn’t want to waste their valuable time and marble on unimportant subjects that are familiar and amusing.  
People, however, like familiar and amusing things. Statues of the kind of people we see every day, doing the things we are all used to, are usually well liked. More and more modern sculptors are carving these familiar and everyday kind of people like the “Girl Washing Her Hair.” Nobody ever saw Victory or Liberty or Justice washing their hair, even as statues.  
Look back at page 196 at the “Boy with Thorn.” Even two thousand years ago some sculptors had found it fun to make such familiar, everyday, amusing statues. “Boy with Thorn” is much more realistic than “Girl Washing Her Hair.”  
  
No.91-3　A SECTION OF THE RAINEY MEMORIAL GATEWAY BY PAUL MANSHIP.   
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK（紐約動物園雷尼紀(jì)念館門道一部分）  
（保羅·曼希普　制）  
Courtesy of Paul Manship  
You don’t have to go to a museum to see the different kinds of sculpture. Every city has sculptures in parks and on monuments and on the outside of buildings. As they are out of doors they are easy to photograph and make good subjects for your camera.  
When you visit the city of Washington you see sculpture almost everywhere. When you visit New York City you probably will go to Rockefeller Center and to the zoo. At Rockefeller Center you can see a large bronze piece of sculpture called “Prometheus.” It is by a famous American sculptor, Paul Manship. And at the New York Zoological Park you can see the beautiful bronze entrance gates. They are also by Paul Manship. Entrance gates to a zoo, you might think, should be decorated with carvings of animals. Paul Manship thought so too. The bronze work around the gates is full of wild animals: bears, deer, baboons, lions. Paul Manship’s work is realistic and has a fine decorative quality.  
Modern sculpture, you see, is of several kinds. Some is non-realistic like Brancusi’s“Bird in Space.” Some is more realistic, giving the general form of an object but not trying to be a close copy of the living thing, like “Girl Washing Her Hair” by Robus. And some modern sculpture is realistic, but decorative, like Paul Manship’s“Prometheus” and his animals of the zoological gates. All three kinds of modern sculpture are worth seeing.