雙語+MP3|美國學(xué)生世界歷史52 海盜有個了不起的孫子

52
A Pirate's Great Grandson
海盜有個了不起的孫子

     WHEN Alfred was king, the Danes had raided England.
     At the same time their cousins the Norsemen had raided the coast of France.
     King Alfred at last had to give the Danes a part of the English coast, and they then settled down and became Christians.
     The French king likewise did the same thing. In order to save himself from further raids, he gave the Norsemen a part of the French coast. The Norsemen then, as the Danes had done, settled down and became Christians.

Norman raising king's foot（諾曼人抬起國王的腳）
     These Norsemen who raided France were led by a very bold and brave pirate named Rollo. In return for this gift of land Rollo was supposed to do homage by kissing the king's foot. But Rollo thought it beneath him to kneel and kiss the king's foot, so he told one of his men to do it for him. His man did as he was told, but he didn't like to do it, either. As he kissed the king's foot he raised it so high that he tipped his Majesty over backward.
     The part of France that was given the Norsemen came to be called Normandy, and it is so called today, and the people were known thereafter as Normans.
     In 1066 there was a very powerful duke ruling over Normandy. His name was William, and he was descended from Rollo the pirate. Perhaps your name may be William. If you have any English or French ancestors, you may even be descended from this William.
     William was strong in body, strong in will, and strong in rule over his people. He could shoot an arrow farther, straighter, and with more deadly effect than any of his knights. No one else was strong enough even to bend the bow he used.
     William and his people had become Christians, but according to their idea, the Christian God was more like their old god, Woden, under a new name. William believed that, "might made right" for he was descended from a pirate, and he still acted like a pirate. Whatever he wanted he went after and took, even though he was supposed to be a Christian.
     Now, William was only a duke, not a king, and he wanted to be a king. In fact, he thought he would like to be king of England, which was just across the channel from his own dukedom. Besides, the English king Edward was William's cousin, so he thought that gave him a good claim to the throne.
     It so happened that a young English prince named Harold was shipwrecked on the coast of Normandy and was found and brought before William. Now, it seemed likely that some day Harold would be king of England, and William thought this a good chance to get England for himself. Before he would let Harold leave, he made the young man promise that when his turn came to be king, he would give England to William just as if that country were a horse or a suit of armor that could be given away. In order that this promise should be solemnly binding, William made Harold place his hand on the altar and swear, just as people place a hand on the Bible nowadays, when they take an oath. After Harold had sworn on the altar, William had the top lifted and showed Harold that below it were the bones of some of the Christian saints. Swearing on the bones of a saint was the most solemn kind of an oath one could possibly take. It was thought one would not dare to break such an oath for fear of the wrath of God.
     Harold then returned to England. But when the time came that he should be king, the people naturally would not let him give England to William. Besides that, Harold said that such an oath, which he had taken against his will, an oath which had been forced on him by a trick, was not binding. So Harold became king.
     When William heard that Harold had been made king, he was very angry. He said that he had been cheated and that Harold had broken his oath. At once he got ready an army and sailed over to take the country away from Harold.
     As William landed from his boat, he stumbled and fell headlong on the shore. All his soldiers were shocked and greatly worried by this, for they thought it very bad luck-a bad omen, the Greeks would have called it. But William was quick-witted, and as he fell he grabbed up some of the earth in both hands. Then, rising, he made believe he had fallen on purpose and, lifting his hands in the air, exclaimed that he had taken up the ground as a sign that he was going to have all the land of England. This changed the bad omen into good luck.
     The battle started, and the English fought furiously to defend themselves against these foreigners who were trying to take their country away from them. Indeed, they had almost won the battle when William gave an order to his men to pretend they were running away.
     The English then followed, wildly rejoicing, and running pell-mell after the Normans. Just as soon, however, as the English were scattered and in disorder, William gave another signal, and his men faced about quickly. The English were taken by surprise, and before they could get into fighting order again, they were defeated, and Harold, their king, was shot through the eye and killed. This was the Battle of Hastings, one of the most famous battles in English history.
     Harold had put up a brave fight. But luck was against him. Only a few days before this, he had had to fight a battle with his own brother, who in a traitorous way had got together an army against him. We are sorry for Harold, and yet it was probably better for England that things turned out as they did-yet who can tell?
     William marched on to London and had himself crowned king on Christmas day, 1066. Ever since then he has been known as William the Conqueror, and the event is called the Norman Conquest. After this England had a new line of kings-a Norman family and a pirate family-to rule over her.
     William divided England up among his nobles as if it were a pie, and gave each a share in the feudal way. They had to do homage to him as his vassals and promise to fight for him and to do as he said. Each of William's nobles built a castle on the property he was given. William himself built a castle in London by the Thames River. On the same spot Julius Caesar had built a fort, but it had disappeared; and Alfred the Great had built a castle there, but it, too, had disappeared. But the castle William built is still standing today. It is known as the Tower of London.
     William was a splendid boss and very business-like. He set to work and had a list made of all the land in England, a list of all the people and of all the property they had. This record was called the Domesday Book and was something like the census now taken in this country every ten years. This list gave the name of everyone in England and everything each owned, even down to the last cow and pig. If your ancestors were living in England then you can look in the Domesday Book and find their names, how much land they owned, and how many cows and pigs they had.
     In order that no mischief might take place at night, William started what was called the curfew. Every evening at a certain hour a bell was rung. Then all lights had to be put out, and everyone had to go indoors-supposedly to bed.
     One thing, however, that William did made the English very angry. He was extremely fond of hunting, but there was no good place where he could hunt near London. In order to have a place for hunting, he destroyed a large number of village houses and farms and turned that part of the country into a forest. This was called the New Forest, and though it is now about nine hundred years old it is still called New to this day.
     On the whole, William, although descended from a pirate, gave England a good government and made it a safe place to live. Since that time, no foreign country has ever conquered England. So 1066 was almost like the Year 1 for the English.