課本中不會(huì)教你的[W]713　when，while和 as

713　when，while和 as

① when，while和as都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示在一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，從句中用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

When I was walking along the road，I saw some children playing on the grass. 我沿著馬路向前走時(shí)，看見一些兒童在草地上玩。

Mother came in while she was crying. 她正在哭時(shí)，母親進(jìn)來(lái)了。

As I was sitting under a tree，I found a bag. 我坐在一棵樹下時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只包。

② when既可以表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段，也可以表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)；句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的；表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)具體情況用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。when從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可同while，as換用。when從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不可同while，as替換。

When/While/As I was having supper，someone knocked at the door. 我在吃晚飯時(shí)，有人敲門。（was having supper表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段，have為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）

They were talking when I arrived. 我到達(dá)時(shí)他們正在談話。

It was twelve o'clock when she went to bed. 她是12點(diǎn)鐘上床睡的。（went to bed表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）

提示

①when作疑問(wèn)副詞用時(shí)，表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

When have you come？

When did you come？

你什么時(shí)候來(lái)的？

②如果when從句謂語(yǔ)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，when與as可換用，表示“正當(dāng)這時(shí)”，as在時(shí)間上更緊湊。

She entered just as/when I opened the door. 我一開門，她就進(jìn)來(lái)了。

③when還可以表示“雖然，既然”等意。

She walked when she might take a taxi. 她雖然可以坐出租車，但仍然步行。

Why don't you do it when you know you must do it？你既然知道必須做，為什么不去做呢？

③ while只能表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；引導(dǎo)的從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另外發(fā)生了什么事。

He came in while I was reading the newspaper. 我正在讀報(bào)時(shí)他進(jìn)來(lái)了。

She was watering the flowers while I was working. 我在工作時(shí)，她在澆花。（主句和從句都用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）

What were you doing while he was watching TV？他看電視時(shí)你在干什么？

提示

①while不能表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

你離開房間時(shí)，請(qǐng)把燈關(guān)掉。

While you leave the room，please turn off the lights.

When you leave the room，please turn off the lights.

②從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)時(shí)，一般要用while。

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。

③while還可以表示對(duì)照或讓步。

She was dressed in red while her sister in blue. 她穿著紅衣服，而她妹妹穿著藍(lán)衣服。

While I like the colour of the coat，I don't like its shape. 我雖然喜歡這件大衣的顏色，但不喜歡它的式樣。

④ as表示兩個(gè)短促的行為、事件同時(shí)發(fā)生或交替進(jìn)行，有時(shí)表示“一邊……一邊……”。as從句中的時(shí)態(tài)可以是進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可以是一般時(shí)。

As（可用When）I opened the window，I saw the sun rising. 我打開窗戶時(shí)，看見太陽(yáng)正在升起。

Just as he was speaking there came a knock at the door. 他正在說(shuō)話時(shí)，傳來(lái)了敲門聲。

He looked behind as he ran. 他一邊跑一邊朝后看。

She sang as she danced. 她一邊跳一邊唱。（不可用when，while）