課本中不會(huì)教你的[S]624　so that，such…that和so…as to

624　so that，such…that和so…as to

① so that既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，但有區(qū)別。

如果引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，so that意為“以便，這樣，為了，目的是”，從句中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該有may/might，can/could，will，would，should這類(lèi)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“可能，會(huì)”等義。

She studies hard so that she may pass the exam. 她努力學(xué)習(xí)以便能通過(guò)考試。

We planted lots of trees in the campus so that our school （should）be beautified. 我們?cè)谛@里種了許多樹(shù)，以便美化學(xué)校。

② so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，可用in order that代替或改用不定式in order to，so as to。

I sat in the first row in order that/so that I might hear clearly. 我坐在第一排，以便聽(tīng)得清楚。（=in order to hear，so as to hear）

She bought a villa in the suburb in order that/so that she could spend her weekend there. 她在鄉(xiāng)間買(mǎi)了一幢別墅，以便去那里度周末。（=in order to spend，so as to spend）

③ so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，可以放在句首。

So that she should arrive there on time，she set out in the early morning. 為了能按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒，她一大清早就動(dòng)身了。

So that they shouldn't fail，they were fully prepared. 他們做了充分準(zhǔn)備，以防失敗。

④ so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句主語(yǔ)的主觀愿望。

He drove fast so that he might be there in half a day. 他車(chē)開(kāi)得很快，以便能在半天時(shí)間到達(dá)那兒。

⑤ so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)可省略so。

The policemen cleared the mountain of the robbers （so）that people might live a peaceful life. 警察清除了山中的強(qiáng)盜，以便人們過(guò)上和平生活。

⑥ so that如果引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“結(jié)果，以至于”，前面常用逗號(hào)同主句分開(kāi)。從句中通常不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示實(shí)際的結(jié)果怎樣。

He came late，so that he missed the train. 他來(lái)晚了，沒(méi)有趕上火車(chē)。

She was ill，so that she was unable to go to work. 她病了，不能上班了。

⑦ so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，so可以提到形容詞、副詞或分詞前。

She was so worried that she couldn't eat or sleep. 她憂(yōu)心忡忡，吃不下，睡不著。

He swam so fast that none of us could keep up with him. 他游得很快，我們誰(shuí)也跟不上他。

⑧ so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)可用too…to或enough…to改寫(xiě)。

他跑得很快，逮住了那個(gè)小偷。

He ran so quickly that he caught the thief.

I was so tired that I couldn't go any further. 我太累了，一點(diǎn)也走不動(dòng)了。

I was too tired to go any further.

⑨ so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句表示的是主句行為的結(jié)果，而非主語(yǔ)的愿望。

He was disappointed so that he meant to give up the plan. 他很失望，打算放棄自己的計(jì)劃。

⑩ so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)可省略that。

He studied hard so （that） he passed the entrance examination. 他刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，通過(guò)了入學(xué)考試。

提示

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句如果表示“可能的結(jié)果”，要用may，如果表示“必然的結(jié)果”，要用must。

He is careless in his work so that he may make mistakes. 他工作不細(xì)心，可能會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

He is careless in his work so that he must make mistakes. 他工作不細(xì)心，必然會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

? so…that句型中的that通常只能引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至于”。

He was so ill that he had to go to the doctor. 他病得很重，不得不去看醫(yī)生。

She spoke so fast that we couldn't follow her. 她說(shuō)得太快，我們跟不上。

The moon was so bright that the flowers were bright as by day. 月光如此的明亮，以至于看得見(jiàn)鮮花怒放，猶如在白天一樣。

I am so busy these days that I have no time to take a walk. 我這些天非常忙，連散步的時(shí)間都沒(méi)有。

? such…that結(jié)構(gòu)不同于so…that結(jié)構(gòu)。so是副詞，修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞，such是形容詞，修飾名詞，該名詞前還可有別的修飾語(yǔ)。值得注意的是，such不能同many和much連用，不可說(shuō)such many students，such much water，應(yīng)說(shuō)so many students，so much water。

注意比較下面兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：

such a fine view （such修飾a fine view）

so fine a view （so修飾fine）

提示

such 可以修飾單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞（such good books）和不可數(shù)名詞（such cool water）。但除so many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞和so much+不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)外，“so+形容詞”之后接的詞只能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞。

so good novels

such good novels

so great progress

such great progress

? such…that既可以表示程度，也可以表示結(jié)果。such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)可改為such…as to結(jié)構(gòu)。

I was such a cold day that we all kept indoors. 那天非常寒冷，我們都閉門(mén)不出。（結(jié)果）

They were not such fools that they believed him. （程度）

They were not such fools as to believe him. 他們不至于傻到相信他。

? so…as to+動(dòng)詞原形可以表示結(jié)果，意為“如此……以至于，那樣……以至于”，也可以表示目的，意為“那樣……以便”。

He is so strong as to move the big stone. 他那樣強(qiáng)壯，能夠搬動(dòng)這塊大石頭。（結(jié)果）

He wouldn't be so mean as to do such a thing. 他不會(huì)小氣到做出這樣的事。

Is she so naive as to believe your story？她會(huì)天真到相信你的話(huà)嗎？

提示

如果so…as to所在句中的主語(yǔ)和其后不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為同一人或物，可同so…that句型換用，表示結(jié)果。

He got up so early as to catch the train. 他起得早，趕上了火車(chē)。

He got up so early that he caught the train.