① 結(jié)構(gòu)不同。pardon和forgive可以有雙賓語(yǔ),結(jié)構(gòu)為pardon/forgive+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)名詞;而excuse只能跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),結(jié)構(gòu)為excuse+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞。
Please pardon him doing that. 請(qǐng)?jiān)徦隽四羌?。?Please pardon him for doing that.)
He forgave you saying so. 他原諒了你這樣說話。(=He forgave you for saying so.)
She excused you coming late.
She excused your coming late.
她原諒了你遲到。
② 使用的場(chǎng)合不同。
(1)Excuse me 常用于要插話,要走開,表示異議、詢問等場(chǎng)合,意為“對(duì)不起,請(qǐng)?jiān)?,打擾一下”。
Excuse me,but I must be going now. 對(duì)不起,我該告辭了。
Excuse me for my coming late. 請(qǐng)?jiān)彛襾硗砹恕?
(2)I'm sorry 或 Sorry 常用于口語(yǔ)中與非正式場(chǎng)合,表示因過失、遺憾、打擾而向?qū)Ψ奖硎镜狼浮?
I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. 對(duì)不起,給你添了很多麻煩。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 對(duì)不起,讓你久等了。
Sorry I'm late. 對(duì)不起,我來遲了。
(3)I beg your pardon 或 pardon 常用于正式場(chǎng)合:①做了錯(cuò)事向別人道歉,應(yīng)用降調(diào)。②談話中提出異議前,意為“請(qǐng)你原諒”。③在沒聽清對(duì)方的話,請(qǐng)求對(duì)方重復(fù)時(shí)用,意為“請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f一遍”。
I beg your pardon. What did you say?I wasn't listening. 對(duì)不起,你說什么?我剛才沒聽到。
Pardon,could you say it again?對(duì)不起,你能不能再說一遍?
Pardon me,Mr. Li,I wonder if you'd do me a favor?對(duì)不起,李先生,你能不能幫我一個(gè)忙?
A:Tom has won the first prize. 湯姆獲得頭名。
B:Pardon?請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f一遍。
③ 含義不同。overlook與forget相比較,詞義較窄。overlook可指由于疏忽未做應(yīng)做之事或故意遺漏;forget為一般用詞,可指由于某事不重要或過于復(fù)雜等原因而未能記住;neglect主要指有意地忽視、忽略或因粗心疏忽。
neglect one's meals and sleep 廢寢忘食
neglect one's duties 玩忽職守
I forgot to tell her about it. 我忘記告訴她這件事。
④ overlook,forgive和pardon都可指“原諒,寬恕”。overlook語(yǔ)氣較弱,指寬容他人的缺點(diǎn)或不計(jì)較無礙大局的小過失;forgive指寬恕他人對(duì)自己的冒犯,帶有同情或憐憫等個(gè)人感情;pardon較正式,多指寬恕較嚴(yán)重的過失、罪過、冒犯或違反道德、法律等的行為。
She forgave him for being rude. 她原諒了他的魯莽。
Mother overlooked her little son's fault. 母親寬恕年幼兒子的過錯(cuò)。
She overlooked his rudeness and tried to pretend nothing had happened. 她沒有理會(huì)他的粗魯舉動(dòng),竭力裝作若無其事的樣子。