課本中不會教你的[C]188　cost，spend，take和pay for——“花費”的四種表示法

188　cost，spend，take和pay for——“花費”的四種表示法

① cost作及物動詞用時，表示某物“值（多少錢），花費（多少錢）”，主語必須是物，通常是所買的東西或代詞it，不能是人。cost后可跟錢數(shù)，也可跟雙賓語，意為“某物花某人多少錢”。cost的過去式和過去分詞都是cost。

The house costs a lot of money. 這所房子值許多錢。

The dictionary cost her 100 yuan. 這本詞典花了她100元。（跟雙賓語）

How much did these shoes cost you？這些鞋花了你多少錢？

How much does it cost？

它值多少錢？

How much money does it cost？

How many does it cost？

② spend指人“花費”，表示某人花費多少錢在某物上，或者某人花費多少時間做某事，spend的主語必須是人，不能是物，正確結構是：

（人）spend+錢或時間+on sth. 在某物上花錢或時間

（人）spend+錢或時間+in doing sth. 花錢或時間做某事

她花了大量的錢買書。

She spent a lot of money on books.

She spent a lot of money in buying　books.

She spent a lot of money to buy books.

他昨晚花了兩個小時做作業(yè)。

He spent two hours on his homework last night.

He spent two hours in doing his homework last night.

He spent two hours to do his homework last night.

提示

下面幾句均正確。

她花3000美元買了那輛車。

She spent 3，000 dollars

The car cost her 3，000 dollars.

Buying the car cost her 3，000 dollars.

It cost her 3，000 dollars to buy the car.

I spent two weeks in reading the book. 我花了兩個星期讀這本書。

③ take指某物花費或需要多少時間，也指做某事花費或需要多少時間，主語可以是人，但一般用it作形式主語，代替后面的真正主語不定式，結構為：

it+take+sb.+一段時間+to do sth. 做某事花某人多少時間（it作形式主語）

sth.+take+sb.+時間+to do sth.

sb.+take+時間+to do sth.

it+take+時間+for sb. to do sth.

He took ten minutes to solve the problem. 他花10分鐘時間解出了這道題。

It took me half an hour to write the letter. 寫這封信花了我半個小時。

她步行到學校要花20分鐘。

It takes her twenty minutes to go to school on foot.

④ pay意為“付款”，用作及物動詞時，它的賓語必須是人或錢，而不能是購買的物品。如果要跟購買的物品，須用pay for。結構為：

pay+sb. 付某人錢

pay+錢數(shù) 付多少錢

pay+sb.+錢數(shù) 付某人多少錢

pay for+買的物品 為購買的物品付款

pay+錢數(shù)+for+買的物品 為某物品付多少錢

I haven't paid the doctor yet. 我還沒有付款給大夫。（pay+sb.）

Did you pay the bill？你付賬了嗎？（pay+錢）

I have paid her 500 yuan. 我付了她500元。（pay+sb.+錢）

I have paid for the coat. 這件上衣我已付了款。（pay for+購買物）

He paid 50 yuan for the ticket. 他買那張票付了50元。（pay+錢+for sth.）

She paid him 10 dollars for the shirt. 她付給他10美元買了一件襯衫。（pay+sb.+錢+for sth.）

Did you pay the pen？

Did you pay for the pen？

這支鋼筆你付錢了嗎？

另外，be worth可以用來詢問價格?！斑@個花瓶值多少錢？”可以譯為How much is the vase worth？

提示

be worth意為“價值多少”，后接具體錢數(shù)。

The car is worth 9，000 dollars. 這輛汽車值9000美元。