人類的視覺(jué)

Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment. In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well that to develop an acute sense of smell. In the course of evolution members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view. Of mammals only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. The red flag is black to the bull. Horses live in a monochrome world .light visible to human eyes however occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive tothem. Humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays unlike the rattlesnake which has receptors tuned into wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron. The world would look eerily different if human eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation. Then instead of the darkness of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity. But human eyes excel in other ways. They are in fact remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by sophisticated technical devices.
人類的視覺(jué)，和其它靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的一樣，是在叢林環(huán)境中進(jìn)化出來(lái)的。在稠密、復(fù)雜的熱帶叢林里，好的視覺(jué)比靈敏的嗅覺(jué)更加重要。在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中，靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的眼睛變大，同時(shí)鼻子變小以使視野不受阻礙。在哺乳類動(dòng)物中，只有人和一些靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物能夠分辨顏色。紅旗在公?？磥?lái)是黑色的，馬則生活在一個(gè)單色的世界里。然而，人眼可見(jiàn)的光在整個(gè)光譜中只占一個(gè)非常狹窄的頻段。人是看不到紫外線的，盡管螞蟻和蜜蜂可以感覺(jué)到。與響尾蛇不同，人也不能直接感受到紅外線。響尾蛇的感覺(jué)器可以感受波長(zhǎng)超過(guò)0.7微米的光線。如果人能感受到紅外線的話，這世界看上去將十分不同，而且恐怖。到那時(shí)，將與夜的黑暗相反，我們能輕易地在一個(gè)奇異的沒(méi)有陰影的世界里走動(dòng)。任何物體都強(qiáng)弱不等地閃著光。然而，人眼在其它方面有優(yōu)越之處。事實(shí)上，人眼對(duì)顏色梯度具有非凡的分辨能力。普通人類的視覺(jué)感受色彩的靈敏程度，甚至連精密的技術(shù)裝備都很難超越。