走進(jìn)哈佛大學(xué)：父子總統(tǒng)

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Harvard University has been regarded as the cradle of the US Presidents. So far, eight Presidents of the United States have graduated from Harvard University: John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt，F(xiàn)ranklin Delano Roosevelt, John F, Kennedy, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. Bush graduated from Harvard Business School, Hayes and Obama from Harvard Law School, and the others from Harvard College,

哈佛大學(xué)一直被認(rèn)為是美國總統(tǒng)的搖籃。目前為止，有八位美國總統(tǒng)是從哈佛大 學(xué)畢業(yè)的：約翰•亞當(dāng)斯、約翰•昆西•亞當(dāng)斯、拉塞福德•海斯、西奧多•羅斯福、富蘭 克林•德拉諾•羅斯福、約翰•肯尼迪、喬治•布什和巴拉克•奧巴馬。其中布什畢業(yè)于哈佛商學(xué)院，海斯和奧巴馬畢業(yè)于哈佛法學(xué)院，其他人都是從哈佛學(xué)院畢業(yè)的。

Among the eight presidents, there are two presidents who are father and son. John Adams is John Quincy Adams’ father. This father and son are unique in the U.S. history, as it were. It’s unusual for a father and son to become President of the United States. By now, it has happened only twice: first with the Adamses, and more recently, with the Bushes. The Bushes，however, did not graduate from the same college, which makes the Adamses a unique father and son.

在這八位總統(tǒng)里，有兩位是一對父子。約翰亞當(dāng)斯是約翰昆西亞當(dāng)斯的父親。 這對父子在美國歷史可以說是獨(dú)一無二的。父子都當(dāng)上美國總統(tǒng)是很少見的，到現(xiàn)在， 這種事情只發(fā)生過兩次：第一次發(fā)生在亞當(dāng)斯父子身上，最近一次發(fā)生在布什父子身 上。但布什父子不是從同一所大學(xué)畢業(yè)的，這讓亞當(dāng)斯父子更顯得獨(dú)特了。

John Adams(1735-1826) was the second President of the United States (1797-1801). He entered Harvard College in 1751 at age 16，and graduated from Harvard with a A.B. degree in 1755. Later, as a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, Adams signed the Declaration of Independence，and played a leading role in persuading Congress to adopt the Declaration of Independence. He, therefore, is regarded as one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. Ironically, Adams died on July 4，1826, the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

約翰亞當(dāng)斯(1735-1826)是美國第二任總統(tǒng)(1797- 1801).1751年他16 歲的時(shí)候上了哈佛學(xué)院，1755年畢業(yè)并獲得文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。后來，他代表馬薩諸塞 州參加大陸會議，簽署了《獨(dú)立宣言》，并帶頭說服國會接受《獨(dú)立宣言》。因此他被 認(rèn)為是美國最有影響力的建國之父之一。諷刺的是，亞當(dāng) 斯死于1826年7月4日，那天剛好是《獨(dú)立宣言》誕生50 周年紀(jì)念日。

John Adams’ son John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) was the sixth President of the United States (1825-1829). He helped formulate the famous Monroe Doctrine, and is regarded as one of the greatest diplomats in American history. John Quincy Adams was educated principally by his parents during his adolescence and later at private schools in Paris while accompanying his father on diplomatic missions in Europe. He furthered his formal education at Harvard College on his return to the United States in 1785 graduating in 1787.

約翰亞當(dāng)斯的兒子約翰昆西亞當(dāng)斯(1767-1848)是美國第六任總統(tǒng)(1825-1829)。他幫助制定了著名的門羅主義，被認(rèn)為是美國歷史上最偉大的外交家之一。約翰昆西亞當(dāng)斯青少年時(shí)期主要受父母教育，后來在隨父 親去歐洲執(zhí)行外交任務(wù)時(shí)，在巴黎的私人學(xué)校讀書。1785 年回國后進(jìn)了哈佛學(xué)院接受正規(guī)教育，并于1787年畢業(yè)。

While he served in Senate, Adams took the lecture in University Hall to begin his part time job as Harvard’s first Boylston Professor of rhetoric and oratory. Commuting between Cambridge and the new capital city, he linked the republic and the academy. He taught for two years from 1806-1808，and published his lectures. This brief professorship was the most congenial of his many positions.

亞當(dāng)斯在當(dāng)參議員期間，還成為哈佛學(xué)院的第一個(gè)講修辭和演講術(shù)的博伊爾斯頓 教授，在哈佛學(xué)院的大學(xué)堂里兼職授課。穿梭于坎布里奇和新首都之間的亞當(dāng)斯把大眾和學(xué)術(shù)聯(lián)系到了一起。從1806年到1808年，他在哈佛教了兩年書，并出版了講座內(nèi)容。這段短暫的教授生涯是他眾多職位中最讓他感到愜意的。