為什么流行歌曲通常都是3分鐘左右？

No matter where you usually hear today’s top hits，the radio, Spotify, a mixtape on your Sony Walkman，you’ve probably noticed that they tend to be around three minutes long.

無論你習(xí)慣上哪聽歌，在收音機(jī)、流媒體音樂服務(wù)平臺還是在隨身聽上，你應(yīng)該都能注意到現(xiàn)在的流行歌曲通常都是三分鐘左右。

As Vox explains, the custom dates back to the early 20th century, when shellac records first appeared in the market. The rates at which these records spun varied, but 78 revolutions per minute (RPM) quickly became the norm. The most popular record sizes were 10 inches—which could hold about three minutes of music per side—and 12 inches, which held roughly four to five minutes per side. To get radio stations to broadcast their music and get people to buy it, musicians pretty much had to accommodate those time limits.

Vox公司解釋道，這一慣例源自20世紀(jì)早期，當(dāng)時(shí)蟲膠制作的黑膠唱片(粗紋唱片)剛剛在市場上出現(xiàn)。這些唱片的轉(zhuǎn)速各有不同，但是每分鐘78圈的轉(zhuǎn)速很快便成了業(yè)內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最流行的唱片大小是10英寸(25.4厘米)和12英寸(30.48厘米)，前者每一面可以播放3分鐘音樂，后者每一面可以播放四到五分鐘音樂。為了讓電臺播放以及讓人們購買他們的唱片，音樂人基本上都必須迎合這些時(shí)間限制。

The late 1940s saw the birth of the 45 RPM record: a smaller, cheaper disc made of vinyl that couldn’t manage much more than three minutes of music per side. Long-playing records (LPs) were introduced around the same time, but it was much easier for radio stations to play single tracks from 45s—which hordes of listeners then went out and bought. While 10-inch 78s had originated the three-minute trend, 45s really helped make it a necessity for radio singles throughout the mid-20th century.

20世紀(jì)40年代晚期45轉(zhuǎn)的唱片誕生了，乙烯基塑料制作的更小更廉價(jià)的黑膠唱片每一面只能播放三分鐘左右的音樂。大概在同一時(shí)間密紋唱片也上市了，但是電臺播放45轉(zhuǎn)的單聲道唱片要容易得多，大批聽眾在聽過電臺的音樂之后就會去購買這種唱片。盡管3分鐘的潮流是由78轉(zhuǎn)的10英寸唱片引發(fā)的，但是45轉(zhuǎn)的唱片卻讓20世紀(jì)中葉的電臺單曲不得不控制在3分鐘以內(nèi)。

There were definitely exceptions to the rule. Bob Dylan’s 1965 song “Like a Rolling Stone” runs more than six minutes, and fans overwhelmed radio stations with calls demanding the full version. It worked: “Like a Rolling Stone” became an unlikely radio hit. If you wanted to hear the full six minutes, you could buy the LP.

當(dāng)然，肯定也存在例外。鮑勃·迪倫1965年的歌曲《像一塊滾石》時(shí)長超過6分鐘，粉絲們紛紛打電話要求電臺播放完整版本。結(jié)果奏效了，這首歌意外成為電臺的熱門歌曲。那時(shí)候如果人們想聽6分鐘的完整版，就可以購買密紋唱片。

Today, many tracks come in under three minutes long. Justin Bieber’s “Ghost” is just two minutes and 33 seconds, and Lil Nas X’s “THATS WHAT I WANT” is a tidy two minutes and 23 seconds.

而如今，許多單曲時(shí)長都不到三分鐘。Justin Bieber的《Ghost》只有2分鐘33秒，Lil Nas X的《THATS WHAT I WANT》只有2分鐘23秒。

Shorter attention spans and social media’s influence might explain the trend toward brevity, but it’s not the only factor: The compensation model matters, too.

人們的注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間變短以及社交媒體的影響或許可以解釋流行歌曲為什么越來越短，但是除此之外，還有報(bào)酬機(jī)制的因素。

"Instead of getting paid by physical sales, you’re getting paid in a stream, which only counts if someone listens to 30 seconds of a song,” songwriter Charlie Harding told The Verge. “It actually makes sense if you can have more songs streamed at a time, which means that you want to pack your album full of much shorter songs.”

作曲人查理·哈爾丁告訴The Verge網(wǎng)站說：“現(xiàn)在不是依照唱片銷量，而是依照流量來收費(fèi)，一首歌收聽時(shí)間達(dá)到30秒才能計(jì)入流量。這樣一來，你會想在流媒體平臺上一次播放更多歌曲，這意味著你會在專輯中收錄更多短歌。”

In other words, success is now less about sales and more about number of streams. Today’s pop stars are making music that reflects the shift—not unlike how 20th-century musicians learned to work within the confines of the original three-ish-minute limit.

換言之，如今一張唱片成功與否，與銷量關(guān)系沒那么大，而流量則重要得多?，F(xiàn)在的流行歌手在制作音樂時(shí)也會反映當(dāng)下形勢的變化，這與20世紀(jì)的音樂人學(xué)著在3分鐘的原有限制內(nèi)創(chuàng)作并無不同。